Table 4.

Geometric means of specific gravity adjusted urinary phthalate concentrations according to time of urine collection, demographic, and maternal factors.

	n (%)a	MEHP	MEHHP	MEOHP	MECPP	MiBP	MnBP	MBzP	MEP	MCPP	MCNP	MCOP	%MEHP	MECPP/MEHHP
Overall	369 (100)	3.5	11.3	9.5	20.6	11.7	20.5	4.1	110.3	2.3	2.5	17.7	8.1	1.7
Time of day
0600–0859	51 (10.1)	3.8	13.7	12.0	26.9	14.0	22.1	4.5	95.0	2.9	2.8	22.0	7.0	1.9
0900–1159	151 (21.4)	3.2	10.3	8.6	19.1	9.4	18.6	3.9	97.3	2.2	2.3	16.2	8.1	1.8
1200–1459	127 (48.3)	3.8	11.9	9.7	21.4	13.4	23.1	4.2	114.6	2.4	2.5	17.3	8.4	1.7
1500–2000	41 (20.2)	4.2	13.1	10.7	21.6	14.3	20.3	4.7	187.1	2.7	2.6	19.8	8.8	1.6
p-valueb		0.38	0.19	0.14	0.05	0.02	0.58	0.74	0.20	0.41	0.68	0.38	0.19	0.13
Maternal Age at Initial Visit (years)
<25	124 (33.6)	3.6	12.2	10.5	21.6	11.9	27.3	5.3	105.3	2.2	2.2	14.0	7.9	1.7
25-30	112 (30.4)	3.0	9.9	8.3	19.1	11.8	17.9	3.5	94.9	1.9	2.3	16.2	7.8	1.8
>30	133 (36.0)	4.0	11.7	9.7	21.0	11.4	17.7	3.7	130.8	3.0	2.9	23.7	8.6	1.7
p-valueb		0.33	0.28	0.20	0.51	0.87	0.01	0.05	0.61	0.003	0.02	0.006	0.74	0.29
Maternal Education (years)
<12	35 (9.5)	2.9	10.9	9.7	23.0	9.8	24.4	3.6	49.5	2.2	1.9	13.4	6.5	2.0
12	23 (6.2)	4.5	13.5	11.7	23.4	20.4	35.0	5.7	166.2	2.8	2.0	14.7	8.9	1.7
>12	311 (84.3)	3.6	11.2	9.3	20.2	11.4	19.4	4.1	117.1	2.3	2.6	18.5	8.2	1.7
p-valueb		0.51	0.71	0.61	0.47	0.05	0.08	0.57	0.11	0.65	0.08	0.38	0.24	0.09
Marital Status
Married/Civil Union	300 (81.3)	3.6	11.1	9.3	20.4	11.4	19.4	4.0	55.6	2.3	2.5	17.8	8.4	1.8
Unmarried	69 (18.7)	3.4	12.7	10.5	22.4	13.2	28.0	4.6	101.5	2.6	2.3	16.4	7.2	1.7
p-valueb		0.57	0.34	0.45	0.42	0.40	0.04	0.57	0.62	0.36	0.46	0.73	0.09	0.49
Income (USD per year)c
< $20,000	149 (45.7)	3.7	10.7	9.3	19.9	11.2	20.8	4.1	96.9	2.0	2.3	15.0	8.9	1.8
≥ $20,000 to < $40,000	95 (29.1)	2.9	10.7	8.8	20.0	12.1	21.1	4.1	117.2	2.4	2.8	20.0	7.3	1.8
≥ $40,000	82 (25.2)	3.8	11.8	9.5	20.4	10.2	15.9	4.0	157.0	2.8	2.6	21.8	8.2	1.6
p-valueb		0.22	0.74	0.85	0.97	0.52	0.23	0.76	0.37	0.06	0.25	0.08	0.03	0.37
Parity
0	155 (42.0)	3.4	10.7	9.3	19.5	10.7	18.6	3.7	118.6	2.1	2.3	19.0	8.1	1.7
1	140 (38.0)	4.1	12.2	10.1	22.1	12.3	22.2	5.2	105.2	2.5	2.6	16.7	8.6	1.7
>1	74 (20.0)	3.1	10.9	8.9	20.3	12.8	22.0	3.3	103.8	2.6	2.5	16.8	7.4	1.8
p-valueb		0.18	0.47	0.57	0.40	0.41	0.29	0.02	0.92	0.25	0.47	0.56	0.25	0.83
Prepregnancy BMI (kg m−2)
≤ 25	206 (55.8)	3.6	11.4	9.5	20.7	11.5	18.9	4.0	111.2	2.1	2.4	16.1	8.3	1.7
>25 to ≤ 30	110 (29.8)	3.3	10.3	8.7	19.7	10.5	21.0	3.9	110.8	2.7	2.5	18.8	7.9	1.8
> 30	47 (12.7)	4.0	13.2	11.7	22.4	15.3	27.9	5.2	125.0	2.9	2.6	23.8	7.9	1.6
p-valueb		0.48	0.28	0.21	0.62	0.10	0.16	0.39	0.85	0.06	0.84	0.17	0.73	0.16
Occupation
Unemployed	141 (38.2)	3.8	12.4	10.5	22.4	13.0	23.0	4.2	86.6	2.4	2.1	14.8	8.1	1.7
Employed	228 (61.8)	3.4	10.6	8.9	19.6	10.9	19.2	4.0	128.1	2.3	2.8	19.8	8.1	1.8
p-valueb		0.37	0.16	0.12	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.56	0.15	0.90	0.003	0.02	0.87	0.78

^an represents number of samples, not participants.

^bTest for fixed effects using log-transformed data in mixed models with random subject effects

^cn=326 for income