Table 2.

Error codes for multisyllabic word and nonword imitations.

Code	Term	Explanation	Example
A	Assimilation	An incorrect sound is the same as another sound in the word (“copy and paste”)	[lmiʔi] monkey [stæɾɪlʃtiʃən] statistician
Mig	Migration	A sound is moved to an incorrect position in the word (“cut and paste”)	[bus] spoon [lʃɪlvəɹi] chivalry
Met	Metathesis	Two sounds switch places	[ltθεa] shovel [lspεktɪkəl] skeptical
O	Omission	A sound is missing	[haʊ] house [səlsεpəbəl] susceptible
IW	Insertion (within)	A sound occurring in the target word is inserted	[llæʔæmp] lamp [lfʌʤəsɪkəl] fudgesicle
IO	Insertion (outside)	A sound outside the target word is inserted	[ljafʃo] shovel [əklspεʃəli] especially
S	Substitution	A sound not in the word is substituted for a sound in the word	[tʌp] cup [lsɪnfəsɪs] synthesis
FS	False Start	A word is stopped and restarted	[lʃɪvɚ … lʃɪvəlɹi] chivalry
H	Hesitation	A word is interrupted by a pause or prolongation	[lɹεgjəlɚ:::li] regularly
SR	Syllable repetition	A syllable is revised by saying it again	[səlsεk … lsεptɪbəl] susceptible