Table 3.
Incorrect word productions by two 3-year-old cousins during articulation testing.
| Item | Code 11312 (age 3;5)
|
Code 11314 (age 3;10)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production | Sequencing and vowel errors | Production | Sequencing and vowel errors | |
| House | haʊ | O | ||
| Tree | ʧi | hwi | ||
| Window | lwɪno | O | lwɪno | O |
| Telephone | ltεwəwon(Im) | A | fo(Im) | O (AF) |
| Cup | tʌp | tʌp | ||
| Knife | naɪ | O | ||
| Spoon | Bus | Mig, O | bu(Im) | O, O |
| Girl | gɜl | dɔʊ | ||
| Ball | ba | O | ||
| Wagon | (Im) | lwænɛ(Im) | Mig, O | |
| Shovel | ljafʃo | Mig, IO, O | ltθεa | IO, Met, O |
| Monkey | lmiʔi | O, A | ||
| Banana | lnæna | O, O (WSO) | lnæna | O, O (WSO) |
| Zipper | lwεbzɪbæg | IO, IO, IO, V, IO | ðɪpɔ | |
| Scissors | aljɪzɔs | IO | lθanɔ | V, O |
| Duck | ldʌki | (AF) | dʌ | O |
| Quack | ldʌkədʌk | (AF) | (N/E) | |
| Yellow | llεlo | A | ljojo | A, A |
| Vacuum | lwækəm | O | (Im) | |
| Watch | wɔ | O | ||
| Plane | lεəbeɪn(airplane) | O | leɪbeɪ(airplane) | O, O, A, O |
| Swimming | lwɪpsin(Im) | Mig | lwɪmɪn(Im) | O |
| Watches | lwɔʃəs | lwaʔε(Im) | O | |
| Lamp | llæʔæmp | IO, IW | læp(Im) | O |
| Car | daɔ | dɔɪ | V | |
| Blue | bεo | O, V | bu | O |
| Rabbit | lwæbɪʔ(Im) | wæbʔæ | A, Mig | |
| Carrot | ldεwə | O | ldænə | O |
| Orange | ɔɪʧ | O, O | lɔɪ | O, O, O |
| Fishing | lwεʃɪn | V | lfεʔε | V, A. O |
| Chair | ʤεɔ | ʃi | V, O | |
| Feather | lwεda | ljεa | O | |
| Pencils | lbεsəs | O, O | lpεtso(Im) | O |
| This | dɪs(Im) | dɪ(Im) | O | |
| Bathtub | lbæftʌb | lbæta(Im) | O, A, O | |
| Bath | Bæf | bæ | V, O | |
| Ring | wɪŋk(Dialect) | wε | V, O | |
| Finger | lwɪgɔ | O | lfɪjɔ(Im) | O |
| Thumb | wʌm | fʌm(Im) | ||
| Jumping | lʤapɪn | O | lðapi | O, O |
| Pajamas | lʧæməs | O, O (WSO) | lðama | O, O (WSO), O |
| Flowers | lwæwɔs | O, V | lfaʊwɔ | O, IO, O |
| Brush | hæəbʌʃ(hairbrush) | V, O | hεbε(hairbrush) | O, O, A, O |
| Drum | ʤʌm | O | wʌm | O |
| Frog | lwagi | O (AF) | fwa(Im) | O |
| Green | Din | O | fi | O, O |
| Clown | daʊd(Im) | O, A | tθaʊ(Im) | O |
| Balloons | Bluns | O | halbu | Mig, O, O |
| Crying | ldaɪɪn | O | lfaɪwi | O, IO, O |
| Glasses | ldæsəs | O | lθaʔε | O, O |
| Slide | laɪs | Mig, O | θaɪ | O, O |
| Stars | daʊs | O | dɔɪ | O, V, O |
| Five | faɪ(Im) | O | ||
Notes: Correct productions were not transcribed. (Im), imitation (AF, alternate form); A, assimilation; IO, insertion of a sound outside the target word; Met, metathesis; Mig, migration; O, omission; WSO, weak syllable omission; V, vowel; N/E, not elicited.