Table 1.

Prevalence of Depression/Anxiety by Participant Characteristics

Variable	Overall Sample		Depression/Anxiety
	N	%	% with Dep/Anx	AKUADS-SF Mean (SD)
All participants	1,368	100	18	7.7 (5.7)
Age
20 years or less	172	13	19	7.6 (6.2)
21–25 years	480	35	17	7.5 (5.7)
26–30 years	459	34	18	7.7 (5.5)
More than 30 years	257	19	20	8.1 (5.9)
Formal education
10 years or more	467	34	18	7.7 (5.8)
1–9 years	448	33	19	7.9 (5.7)
None	453	33	17	7.4 (5.6)
Informal education
Yes	1,001	73	18	7.8 (5.8)
No	367	27	18	7.3 (5.5)
Employment
Employed	167	12	21	8.2 (6.1)
Not employed	1,199	88	18	7.6 (5.6)
Husband's employmenta,b
Permanent job	1,073	78	17	7.3 (5.6)
Temporary/seasonal job	238	17	22	8.7 (5.7)
No job	54	4	30	9.9 (7.3)
Property indexa,b
High (3–5 items)	762	56	16	7.2 (5.6)
Low (0–2 items)	606	44	21	8.2 (5.9)
Number of previous pregnanciesa,b
0	255	19	21	7.4 (6.0)
1–2	426	31	14	7.1 (5.3)
3 or more	686	50	20	8.1 (5.8)
Wanted this pregnancya,b
Yes	818	60	14	7.0 (5.2)
No	504	37	24	8.9 (6.3)
Domestic violence within 6 months of this pregnancya,b
Physical and/or sexual abuse	208	15	42	11.8 (5.8)
Verbal abuse only	408	30	23	9.0 (5.9)
No abuse	707	52	8	5.7 (4.6)

Note: Depression/anxiety is defined as an AKUADS-SF score ≥ 13.

^aMean AKUADS-SF scores varied significantly by characteristic (p < .05) based on analysis of variance

^bPercentage of respondents with depression/anxiety varied significantly (p < .05) based on chi-square test