20×objective images of elastic van Gieson stained defect implanted with PLGA/PCL scaffolds after 3 weeks (a–c) and 6 weeks (d–f ) of in vivo implantation. Before implantation scaffolds were cultured in vitro in the TPS bioreactor with an hMSC population (a, d), in static culture with an hMSC population (b, e), or in static culture with no cell population (c, f ). Blood vessels can be observed frequently with scaffolds with the exception of the day 21 no cell group. Scale bar represents 100 μm. PCL, PLGA/PCL scaffold; NB, new bone; BV, blood vessel.