Table 3.
Associations and Comparisons among PaB-SR Item and Full Scale Scores and Related Measures (Sample size for all comparisons is 618 pain participants and/or SOs except for PBNEW19 (N=268). For this item only, participants were allowed to answer “not applicable”)
| Item Name | Item Content | Spearman Correlations Coefficients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # Observed Pain Behaviors | PROMIS Pain Interference | Average pain (0–10) | PBCL | UAB | Pain Pt/SO | Pain Pt minus SO item responses(mean ± SD) | ||
| PAINBE44 | I bit or pursed my lips. | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.48 | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.09 ± 1.35 |
| PBNEW2 | It showed on my face. | 0.43 | 0.58 | 0.45 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.39 | −0.49 ± 1.16 |
| PBNEW24 | I asked for someone to help me. | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.42 | 0.38 | −0.09 ± 1.13 |
| PAINBE3 | I grimaced. | 0.40 | 0.47 | 0.36 | 0.54 | 0.34 | 0.31 | −0.13 ± 1.25 |
| PAINBE51 | I avoided physical contact with others. | 0.37 | 0.61 | 0.41 | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.41 | −0.05 ± 1.33 |
| PAINBE35 | I groaned. | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.59 | 0.47 | 0.49 | −0.25 ± 1.17 |
| PBNEW21 | I told people I couldn’t do things with them. | 0.35 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.6 | 0.42 | 0.47 | −0.15 ± 1.19 |
| PBNEW18 | I told people I couldn’t do my usual chores. | 0.33 | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.58 | 0.47 | 0.46 | −0.36 ± 1.20 |
| PAINBE38 | I drew my knees up. | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.15 ± 1.19 |
| PBNEW31 | I stayed very still. | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.32 | 0.48 | 0.3 | 0.31 | −0.11 ± 1.21 |
| PBNEW4 | My muscles tensed up. | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.23 ± 1.23 |
| PAINBE4 | I took medication for the pain. | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.55 | −0.11 ± 1.07 |
| PBNEW12 | I used pillows or other objects to get more comfortable. | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.3 | 0.45 | −0.04 ± 1.27 |
| PBNEW13 | I changed how I breathe. | 0.23 | 0.49 | 0.4 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.42 | 0.12 ± 1.20 |
| PAINBE28 | I squirmed. | 0.16 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.3 | 0.34 | 0.15 ± 1.25 |
| PBNEW32 | I lay down. | 0.15 | 0.49 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.37 | 0.52 | −0.16 ± 1.08 |
| PBNEW14 | I took breaks. | 0.14 | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.07 ± 1.13 |
| PAINBE7 | I rubbed the site of the pain. | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.31 | 0.4 | 0.20 ± 1.21 |
| PAINBE5 | I talked about the pain. | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.39 | −0.62 ± 1.14 |
| PBNEW7 | I changed my posture. | 0.04 | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.23 ± 1.17 |
| PAINBE29 | I used a cane or something else for support. | 0.61 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.75 | 0.00 ± 0.95 |
| PBNEW16 | I asked for help when walking. | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.5 | 0.38 | 0.47 | −0.22 ± 0.97 |
| PBNEW9 | You could hear it in my voice. | 0.50 | 0.6 | 0.48 | 0.62 | 0.45 | 0.41 | −0.46 ± 1.24 |
| PAINBE17 | I gasped. | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.43 | 0.37 | −0.07 ± 1.23 |
| PBNEW20 | I told people I couldn’t do the things that I usually enjoy doing. | 0.46 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.59 | 0.44 | 0.44 | −0.25 ± 1.25 |
| PBNEW23 | I asked people to leave me alone. | 0.46 | 0.5 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 0.28 | 0.41 | −0.11 ± 1.14 |
| PBNEW27 | I became withdrawn. | 0.46 | 0.62 | 0.34 | 0.58 | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.01 ± 1.26 |
| PBNEW25 | I limped. | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.5 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 0.20 ± 1.28 |
| PAINBE37 | I isolated myself from others. | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.36 | 0.54 | 0.3 | 0.41 | 0.03 ± 1.27 |
| PBNEW6 | I walked slowly | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.4 | 0.62 | 0.44 | 0.5 | −0.12 ± 1.15 |
| PAINBE43 | I walked carefully. | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.44 | −0.05 ± 1.21 |
| PBNEW26 | I became quiet. | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.31 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.12 ± 1.22 |
| PBNEW3 | I moaned. | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.57 | 0.45 | 0.48 | −0.26 ± 1.17 |
| PAINBE18 | I asked for help doing things that needed to be done. | 0.33 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.41 | −0.22 ± 1.17 |
| PBNEW29 | I moved my limbs carefully. | 0.33 | 0.52 | 0.4 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 0.33 | −0.07 ± 1.21 |
| PBNEW30 | I sat down. | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.31 | 0.37 | −0.06 ± 1.10 |
| PBNEW5 | I changed the way I walked. | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.08 ± 1.21 |
| PBNEW19 | I told people I couldn’t go to work or school. | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.56 | −0.33 ± 0.93 |
| PBNEW17 | I asked for help with changing positions. | 0.29 | 0.4 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.36 | 0.4 | −0.20 ± 0.98 |
| PBNEW28 | I was careful about the way I moved from one position to another. | 0.27 | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.51 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.00 ± 1.22 |
| PAINBE24 | I moved stiffly. | 0.26 | 0.51 | 0.39 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.08 ± 1.28 |
| PBNEW10 | I reclined. | 0.20 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.38 | −0.06 ± 1.17 |
| PBNEW22 | It caused me to lean or bend while walking. | 0.18 | 0.48 | 0.38 | 0.61 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.35 ± 1.30 |
| PBNEW1 | I touched or held the part of my body that hurt. | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.3 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.15 ± 1.12 |
| PBNEW8 | I shifted my position. | 0.16 | 0.45 | 0.3 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.26 ± 1.20 |
| PBNEW11 | I took a hot bath or shower. | −0.04 | 0.18 | 0.2 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.06 ± 1.13 |
| PaB-SR Score (based on final items) | 0.57 | 0.77 | 0.6 | 0.75 | 0.56 | n/a | ||
Pt = Pain Participant
SO = Significant Other
PBCL = Pain Behavior Check List (pain participant report)
UAB = University of Alabama and Birmingham Pain Behavior Scale
SD = Standard Deviation