Mismatch and multiplex DNA tests using MV-Chip. (a) From left to right: bar chart advancements of 0, 20 pM, 200 pM, and 2 nM target DNA (EV) in buffer and 2 nM one base (one star) or two base (two stars) mismatched DNA. (b) The MV-Chip readouts correlated to figure 4a. The error bars represent the s. d. of three measurements. (c, d, e) Selective detection of three, two, or one DNA targets. Scale bar is 0.5 cm for a), c), d), and e).