Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Associations with Gender and Race for All Study Variables
| Characteristic | Na | Whole Sample | Females | Males | pb | African American | Other Race | pc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALTREATMENT & FOSTER CARE EXPERIENCES | ||||||||
| -Physical or Sexual Abuse (%) | 731 | 54 | 64 | 44 | .000 | 46 | 65 | .000 |
| - Total Placements (0−42; mean (SD)) | 727 | 5.8 (5.9) | 5.3 (5.4) | 6.4 (6.4) | .013 | 5.2 (5.2) | 6.7 (6.7) | .001 |
| -Group Placements (0−21; mean (SD)) | 729 | 1.7 (2.8) | 1.5 (2.8) | 2.1 (2.8) | .004 | 1.4 (2.3) | 2.2 (3.5) | .000 |
| -Close to Foster/Kin/Group Caregiver (%) | 617 | 58 | 58 | 58 | .875 | 57 | 59 | .518 |
| -Kinship Care (%) | 731 | 57 | 61 | 52 | .017 | 73 | 34 | .000 |
| -Extended Care (%) | 603 | 47 | 50 | 43 | .085 | 61 | 27 | .000 |
| HYPOTHESIZED MEDIATORS | ||||||||
| - ≥5 Depression Symptoms (%) | 593 | 22 | 30 | 15 | .000 | 18 | 28 | .004 |
| - ≥1 PTSD Symptom(s) (%) | 716 | 23 | 29 | 16 | .000 | 21 | 25 | .210 |
| - ≥1 Substance-Related Symptom(s) (%) | 715 | 33 | 28 | 39 | .003 | 28 | 41 | .000 |
| -Oppositional/Delinquent Scale (0−45; mean (SD)) | 730 | 7.7 (6.7) | 6.5 (5.6) | 8.9 (7.5) | .000 | 7.1 (6.2) | 8.5 (7.2) | .003 |
| -Anxious Attachment Scale (1−7; mean (SD)) | 730 | 3.2 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.3) | 3.1 (1.1) | .006 | 3.2 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.2) | .096 |
| -Avoidant Attachment Scale (1−7; mean (SD)) | 730 | 3.6 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.0) | .615 | 3.6 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | .148 |
| OUTCOMES | ||||||||
| -Inconsistent Condom Use-Any Wave (%) | 697 | 79 | 85 | 73 | .000 | 77 | 83 | .051 |
| -Five or More Partners-Any Wave (%) | 690 | 21 | 11 | 33 | .000 | 24 | 18 | .071 |
| Sex for Money-Any Wave (%) | 711 | 9 | 8 | 10 | .215 | 13 | 4 | .000 |
| STI Diagnosis-Partner or Self (%) | 696 | 30 | 40 | 20 | .000 | 34 | 26 | .036 |
a
Totals for each variable differ due to missing data
b
p-value for association with gender
c
p-value for association with race (African-American)