Cross-lagged associations between parents' harsh verbal discipline and adolescent depressive symptoms across two waves. Standardized path coefficients are presented. The model controlled for adolescents' gender, ethnicity, parental physical discipline, parenting stress, parental depression, parent education, family income, and parental warmth; **p < .01, ***p < .001 Note. We fit the models simultaneously for conduct problem and depressive symptoms but presented the results separately for clarity.