Table 1. Comparison of glypican family member structure-function analyses.

Pathway	Glypican	Model System	Protein core active		Heparan sulfated C-terminus sufficient?	RGD domain required?	Furin protease site required?	Heparan sulfate required?	GPI required?	Reference
			to the furin protease site?	to the GPI cleavage site?
TGF-β	LON-2	C. elegans	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Taneja-Bageshwar and Gumienny, 2012
	Dally	Drosophila (in vivo, in vitro)	-	-	-	-	-	No	-	Kirkpatrick et al., 2006
	Dally	Drosophila cell line	-	-	-	-	-	Yes	-	Dejima et al., 2011
FGF	OCI-5/ GPC3	Cell lines1	-	-	-	-	-	Yes	-	Song et al., 1997
Wnt	Dally	Drosophila	-	-	-	-	-	Yes	-	Tsuda et al., 1999
	Dally	Drosophila	-	-	-	-	-	No	-	Kirkpatrick et al., 2006
	XGly4/ GPC4	Xenopus	-	-	No	-	-	-	-	Ohkawara et al., 2003
	GPC3	Cell lines1	-	-	-	-	-	No	Yes	Capurro et al., 2005
	OCI-5/ GPC3	Cell lines1	-	-	-	-	-	No	-	Song et al., 2005
	Dally-like	Drosophila	-	-	-	-	-	-	Yes	Gallet et al., 2008
	Dally-like	Drosophila	-	-	-	-	-	No	No	Yan et al., 2009
	GPC1	Chicken embryos	-	No	-	Not tested	-	Yes	-	Shiau et al., 2010
	GPC3	HCC2	-	Yes	-	-	-	-	Yes3	Zittermann et al., 2010
Hh	Dally	Drosophila	-	-	-	-	-	-	Yes	Takeo et al., 2005
	OCI-5/ GPC3	Cell lines1	-	No	-	-	-	No	Yes	Capurro et al., 2008
	Dally-like	Drosophila	-	-	-	-	-	-	Yes	Gallet et al., 2008
	Dally-like	Drosophila	-	-	-	-	-	No	No	Yan et al., 2009; Yan et al., 2010
	Dally-like	Drosophila	-	-	-	-	No	No	No	Williams et al., 2010
	GPC5	Cell lines1	-	-	-	-	-	Yes	-	Li et al., 2011
Unknown	OCI-5/ GPC3	Cell lines1	-	-	-	-	-	No	Yes	Gonzalez et al., 1998
	GPC3	Cell lines1	Yes	-	-	-	-	-	-	De Cat et al., 2003

¹ Cell lines are derived from mammalian sources. ²HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma. ³GPC3 promotes Wnt signaling and cell growth, but GPC3 lacking GPI (sGPC3) inhibits Wnt signaling and cell growth of some HCC cell lines.