Table 4.
Individual- and prefecture-level factors associated with decreased health status: multilevel logistic regression analysis with random-intercept for 47 prefectures.
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Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
| Independent variables | Crude ORa
(95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P value |
| Regular employee (ref: not) | 0.89 (0.75-1.05) | 0.85 (0.71-1.01) | .07 | 0.85 (0.71-1.01) | .06 | 0.85 (0.71-1.02) | .07 |
| Change in job condition (ref: not) |
2.35 (1.98-2.79) | 2.12 (1.77-2.52) | <.001 | 2.05 (1.72-2.45) | <.001 | 2.05 (1.72-2.45) | <.001 |
| Difference in income 2010–2011 (million yen incr.) |
1.03 (0.98-1.09) | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | .35 | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | .34 | 1.02 (0.97-1.09) | .35 |
| Income will decrease (ref: not) |
1.31 (0.95-1.80) | 1.31 (0.94-1.83) | .11 | 1.31 (0.94-1.82) | .11 | 1.31 (0.95-1.84) | .10 |
| Sex (male=1, female=0) | 0.78 (0.67-0.92) | 0.71 (0.60-0.84) | <.001 | 0.71 (0.60-0.84) | <.001 | 0.70 (0.59-0.84) | <.001 |
| Age (year) | 1.06 (1.02-1.10) | 1.06 (1.02-1.11) | .006 | 1.06 (1.02-1.11) | .005 | 1.06 (1.02-1.11) | .005 |
| Marital status (Married = 1) |
1.12 (0.80-1.55) | 0.94 (0.66-1.33) | .72 | 0.92 (0.65-1.30) | .64 | 0.92 (0.65-1.30) | .63 |
| College student (ref: not) | 1.04 (0.87-1.25) | 1.00 (0.82-1.22) | .99 | 0.99 (0.82-1.22) | .996 | 1.00 (0.83-1.27) | .95 |
| Family separation (> 4 weeks; ref: not) |
1.80 (1.37-2.37) | 1.22 (0.85-1.74) | .28 | 1.21 (0.85-1.74) | .28 | 1.21 (0.85-1.73) | .30 |
| Evacuation (> 4 weeks; ref: not) |
1.90 (1.50-2.41) | 1.48 (1.08-2.03) | .01 | 1.45 (1.06-1.98) | .02 | 1.44 (1.06-1.97) | .02 |
| Death of family members (ref: not) |
1.94 (0.56-6.66) | 2.33 (0.66-8.26) | .19 | 2.28 (0.65-8.03) | .20 | 2.34 (0.66-8.26) | .19 |
| Having a child/children (ref: not) |
0.94 (0.61-1.44) | 0.93 (0.60-1.44) | .75 | 0.94 (0.61-1.45) | .77 | 0.93 (0.59-1.44) | .74 |
| From Fukushima NPPb
(km) |
0.99 (0.99-1.00) | – | – | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | .57 | 1.00 (0.99-1.00) | .66 |
| Radiationc (μSv/hr) | 2.09 (1.72-2.55) | – | – | 1.17 (0.80-1.69) | .42 | 1.16 (0.82-1.64) | .41 |
| Total quakesd ( x10−2) | 1.05 (1.04-1.06) | – | – | 1.04 (1.01-1.06) | .002 | 1.02 (1.00-1.05) | .049 |
| JMA-SIe | 1.38 (1.29-1.47) | – | – | 1.07 (0.96-1.20) | .24 | 0.87 (0.65-1.17) | .36 |
| Northwest region | 0.98 (0.68-1.44) | – | – | – | – | 2.21 (0.78-6.26) | .14 |
| Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima | 3.95 (2.93-5.34) | – | – | – | – | 4.45 (0.99-20.01) | .05 |
| Kanto region | 1.82 (1.55-2.14) | – | – | – | – | 2.94 (0.94-9.18) | .06 |
| Central region | 0.57 (0.44-0.74) | – | – | – | – | 1.49 (0.59-3.78) | .40 |
| Kansai region | 0.53 (0.41-0.67) | – | – | – | – | 1.32 (0.66-2.62) | .43 |
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AICf: 4185 |
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AIC: 4155 |
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AIC: 4158 |
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aOR, odds ratio
bNPP, nuclear power plant
cRadiation, radiation dose on March 20, 2011 (μSv/h)
dTotal quakes, total number of aftershocks from March 11, 2011 to January 31, 2012
eJMA-SI, Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity
fAIC, Akaike's Information Criterion