Table 4.
Interleukins, granulate-macrophage stimulating factor precursor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in basal conditions and in presence of concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
| Cytokines | Mitogen | CB12CFA n = 5 | DB12DFA n = 5 | DB12CFA n = 5 | DB12SFA n = 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 5 | n = 5 | n = 5 | n = 5 | ||
| IL-1a (pg/mL) | Basal | 54.9 (53.9 –55.9) | 54.6 (46.7 –62.6) | 53.8 (49.6 –57.9) | 53.5 (50.7 –56.3) |
| Con A | 56.0 (43.3 –68.7) | 54.3 (44.7 –63.8) | 53.3 (51.9 –54.8) | 58.0 (46.2 –69.8) | |
| LPS | 64.3 (54.3 –74.4) | 58.0 (55.5 –60.5) | 62.0 (48.9 –75.1) | 62.6 (56.8 –68.5) | |
| PHA | 58.0 (54.6 –61.4) | 59.1 (53.8 –64.5) | 55.8 (50.7 –60.9) | 54.3 (52.8 –55.8) | |
| IL-1b (pg/mL) | Basal | 13.8 (3.0 –24.7) | 15.0 (6.9 –23.1) | 18.3 (8.8 –27.7) | 13.1 (10.7 –15.5) |
| Con A | 9.7 (2.1 –17.3) | 9.1 (−6.1 –24.3) | 14.2 (5.3 –23.1) | 12.1 (8.5 –15.6) | |
| LPS | 20.5 (17.1–23.9) | 17.3 (17.3–17.3) | 26.6 (9.6–43.6) | 18.5 (11.3–25.8) | |
| PHA | 18.0 (3.05–33.0) | 18.1 (6.4–29.8) | 18.5 (12.0–25.1) | 12.1 (8.9–15.4) | |
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | Basal | 4.39 (4.35–4.42) | 4.40 (4.34–4.45) | 4.39 (4.35–4.42) | 4.38 (4.36–4.41) |
| Con A | 4.42 (4.18–4.67) | 4.39 (4.32–4.45) | 4.38 (4.33–4.43) | 4.39 (4.35–4.42) | |
| LPS | 4.39 (4.34–4.45) | 4.39 (4.34–4.45) | 4.39 (4.34–4.45) | 4.38 (4.35–4.41) | |
| PHA | 4.43 (4.41–4.45) | 4.41 (4.41–4.41) | 4.41 (4.41–4.41) | 4.31 (4.13–4.49) | |
| IL-12 (pg/mL) | Basal | 31.5 (−2.8–65.7) | 24.8 (9.3–40.3) | 27.4 (9.5–45.2) | 35.5 (27.3–43.7) |
| Con A | 18.9 (−67.5–105.3) | 28.2 (18.1–38.3) | 29.1 (14.6–43.6) | 18.7 (27.3–36.7) | |
| LPS | 54.1 (33.0–75.2) | 30.8 (18.3–43.4) | 61.1 (−4.5–126.7) | 54.3 (27.2–81.4) | |
| PHA | 29.4 (−8.2–66.9) | 29.1 (14.6–43.6) | 41.2 (12.4–69.9) | 32.5 (22.8–42.2) | |
| GM-CSF (pg/mL) | Basal | 12.9 (11.9–14.0) | 13.6 (12.6–14.5) | 13.3 (13.3–13.3) | 12.5 (11.6–13.4) |
| Con A | 13.9 (6.1–21.7) | 13.5 (12.4–14.6) | 12.4 (10.5–14.3) | 12.9 (11.9–14.0) | |
| LPS | 13.7 (11.9–15.4) | 13.7 (11.9–15.4) | 12.8 (11.0–14.7) | 13.6 (12.6–14.5) | |
| PHA | 13.7 (11.9–15.4) | 13.7 (11.9–15.4) | 13.3 (13.3–13.3) | 13.3 (13.3–13.3) | |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | Basal | 3.0 (1.3–4.7) | 2.0 (−0.2–4.1) | 2.7 (0.7–4.6) | 3.0 (0.7–5.2) |
| Con A | 2.3 (−6.0–10.8) | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) | 1.2 (−1.0–3.3) | 2.98 (0.6–5.4) | |
| LPS | 3.4 (−0.3–7.1) | 2.1 (0.2–4.0) | 3.0 (−0.2–6.2) | 4.2 (−0.0–8.4) | |
| PHA | 2.8 (1.9–3.7) | 2.1 (0.2–4.03) | 3.0 (1.4–4.6) | 2.7 (2.0–3.5) | |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | Basal | 13.6 (−1.0–28.2) | 13.9 (0.1–27.7) | 11.9 (5.7–18.2) | 17.6 (11.6–23.5) |
| Con A | 13.9 (1.5–29.1) | 9.9 (3.5–16.3) | 11.0 (0.2–21.9) | 15.5 (5.7–25.3) | |
| LPS | 80.9 (66.1–95.7) | 56.0 (−23.8–135.9) | 67.3 (−11.8–146.3) | 64.4 (41.4–87.3) | |
| PHA | 27.0 (−11.8–65.9) | 17.03 (0.4–33.6) | 44.4 (0.7–88.1) | 34.9 (14.2–55.6) | |
| TNF-α/IL-4 | Basal | 3.1 (−0.2–6.4) | 3.2 (−0.0–6.4) | 2.7 (1.3–4.2) | 4.0 (2.7–5.3) |
| Con A | 3.1 (−1.2–7.5) | 2.1 (1.2–2.9) | 2.7 (1.2–4.3) | 4.2 (1.8–6.7) | |
| LPS | 19.7 (15.3–24.1) | 13.2 (3.7–22.8) | 13.2 (1.6–24.7) | 14.7 (9.5–19.9) | |
| PHA | 8.4 (−0.2–16.9) | 3.9 (0.1–7.6) | 10.1 (0.2–20.0) | 8.1 (3.3–13.0) |
IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-4, IL-12, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TNF-α/IL-4 in male rats fed B12 and FA deficient diets (Group DB12DFA, 0 μg B12/kg diet and 0 mg FA/kg diet), B12 deficient diet and FA control diet (Group DB12CFA, 0 μg B12/kg diet and 2 mg FA/kg diet), B12 deficient diet and FA supplemented diet (Group DB12SFA, 0 μg B12/kg diet and 8 mg FA/kg diet), and control diet (Group CB12CFA, 50 μg B12/kg diet and 2 mg FA/kg diet). Values are means (95% confidence interval per group).