Table 2.
Nutritional composition of the subjects’ diets throughout the study period 1.
| Nutrients | Placebo (n = 42) | MP (n = 38) | P-Value 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 8 | Week 0 | Week 8 | ||
| Diet quality score 3 | 23 ± 1.2 | 20 ± 1.1 | 19 ± 1.1 | 18 ± 1.0 | 0.448 |
| Total energy (kcal) 4 | 1778 ± 69 | 1702 ± 56 | 1789 ± 68 | 1772 ± 65 | 0.587 |
| Carbohydrate (g) 4 | 250 ± 10 | 237 ± 8 | 257 ± 10 | 252 ± 10 | 0.940 |
| Fat (g) 4 | 49 ± 3.1 | 49 ± 2.9 | 50 ± 3.2 | 50 ± 3.0 | 0.557 |
| Protein (g) 4 | 72 ± 3.0 | 71 ± 3.0 | 72 ± 4 | 74 ± 4 | 0.883 |
| Fiber (g) | 18 ± 0.8 | 17 ± 0.9 | 17 ± 1.0 | 16 ± 0.9 | 0.511 |
| β-Carotene (mg) 4 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin C (mg) 4 | 72 ± 5.1 | 64 ± 4.1 | 63 ± 5.5 | 243 ± 4.4 | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin E (mg) 4 | 14 ± 1.0 | 14 ± 0.8 | 13 ± 0.9 | 58 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
| Folate (μg) 4 | 227 ± 13 | 211 ± 11 | 213 ± 18 | 570 ± 13 | <0.0001 |
| Zinc (mg) 4 | 8.2 ± 0.4 | 8.3 ± 0.4 | 8.2 ± 0.5 | 20 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Iron (mg) 4 | 14 ± 0.7 | 15 ± 2.7 | 13 ± 0.8 | 22 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 |
1 All values are the means ± SE. Intake levels were estimated from three-day food records using CAN-pro (Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul, Korea). The intake of the test product was included in the analysis. MP, multi-micronutrient supplement with nutritional doses of antioxidant nutrients and plant ingredients; 2 Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to test the difference for group (Placebo and MP) × week (Week 0 and Week 8); 3 Diet quality score was measured using a validated scoring method [16]; 4 Data were square-root transformed for normalization.