Table 2.
Characteristics | Alcohol Intake | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
No | Low | Moderate | High | |
(n = 34) | (n = 27) | (n = 54) | (n = 24) | |
Alcohol intake (g/day) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 5.4 ± 2.7 | 19.9 ± 6.2 | 61.5 ± 43.0 |
Age (years) | 34.9 ± 14.5 | 41.7 ± 13.4 | 39.9 ± 15.0 | 45.2 ± 10.9 a |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 3.4 | 23.8 ± 2.9 | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 25.4 ± 3.8 |
SBP (mmHg) | 127.4 ± 14.2 | 122.1 ± 11.1 | 124.4 ± 13.5 | 126.4 ± 15.1 |
DBP (mmHg) | 83.0 ± 8.9 | 81.9 ± 9.2 | 80.5 ± 10.2 | 81.1 ± 12.6 |
Smoking (n, %) | 6 (17.6%) | 5 (18.5%) | 12 (22.2%) | 12 (50.0%) b |
History of CAD (n, %) | 6 (17.6%) | 3 (11.1%) | 10 (18.5%) | 8 (33.3%) |
History of T2DM (n, %) | 2 (5.9%) | 1 (3.7%) | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (4.2%) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.08 ± 1.13 | 5.17 ± 1.11 | 5.33 ± 1.04 | 5.34 ± 0.83 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.27 ± 1.01 | 3.35 ± 1.09 | 3.47 ± 0.98 | 3.43 ± 0.84 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.20 ± 0.29 | 1.20 ± 0.37 | 1.24 ± 0.32 | 1.27 ± 0.27 |
Apolipoprotein B (g/L) | 0.89 ± 0.22 | 0.99 ± 0.29 | 0.99 ± 0.22 | 1.02 ± 0.26 |
Apolipoprotein A–I (g/L) | 1.34 ± 0.24 | 1.34 ± 0.23 | 1.27 ± 0.19 | 1.38 ± 0.22 |
Plasma triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.32 ± 0.78 | 1.32 ± 0.75 | 1.38 ± 0.66 | 1.38 ± 1.04 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.17 ± 0.60 | 5.29 ± 093 | 5.43 ± 1.95 | 5.32 ± 0.69 |
Fasting plasma insulin (UI/L) | 8.47 ± 3.89 | 9.20 ± 6.07 | 8.25 ± 418 | 10.65 ± 11.59 |
Dietary carbohydrates intake (g/day) | 278.48 ± 81.68 | 282.26 ± 58.33 | 273.60 ± 78.79 | 265.15 ± 68.05 |
Dietary fat intake (g/day) | 86.95 ± 28.37 | 93.00 ± 24.93 | 87.48 ± 26.67 | 89.98 ± 20.95 |
Dietary MUFA intake (g/day) | 32.96 ± 13.22 | 36.80 ± 10.77 | 33.90 ± 11.39 | 35.07 ± 8.93 |
Dietary PUFA intake (g/day) | 13.61 ± 5.66 | 15.72 ± 4.67 | 13.68 ± 5.21 | 15.47 ± 4.48 |
Dietary saturated fat intake (g/day) | 32.59 ± 10.72 | 34.02 ± 9.13 | 32.48 ± 10.36 | 32.66 ± 8.02 |
Energyintake (kcal/day) | 2301.30 ± 586.35 | 2402.38 ± 481.40 | 2405.81 ± 608.94 | 2651.58 ± 599.32 |
∆cTG-AUC (mmol·h/L) | 6.8 ± 7.0 | 2.8 ± 7.3 | 6.5 ± 5.6 | 7.4 ± 6.3 |
∆cTG-AUC (mmol·h/L) adjusted * | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 3.1 ± 1.9 c | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 7.3 ± 2.2 |
BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; CAD = coronary artery disease; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; MUFA = Mono-unsaturated fatty acids; PUFA = Poly-unsaturated fatty acids; ∆cTG-AUC = incremental area under the curve for daytime capillary triglycerides.