Table 1.
MiRNA biological functions in glioma.
| MiRNA | Target genes | Biological effects a | Postulated upstream regulators b | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mir-7 | EGFR, IRS-2, FAK | Invasion (−), Radioresistance (−), Migration (−) | [28,29,30,31] | |
| MiR-10b | HOXD10, Bim, TFAP2C, p16, p21, CSMD1 | Invasion (+), Proliferation (+), Cell cycle (+), Apoptosis (−), Autophagy (−) | [32,33,34,35] | |
| Mir-15b | CCNE1, NRP2 | Cell cycle (−), Invasion (−), Angiogenesis (−) | [36,37] | |
| Mir-16-1 | Zyxin | Migration (−), Invasion (−), Proliferation (−) | [38] | |
| Mir-17–92 cluster | CDKN1A, E2F1, Pold2, PTEN, CTGF | Proliferation (+), Apoptosis (−), Differentiation (−) | c-Myc (+) | [39,40,41,42] |
| Mir-21 | RECK, pdcd4, CDC25A, HNRPK, TIMP-3, TAp63, LRRFIP1 | Invasion (+), Migration (+), Proliferation (+), Apoptosis (−), Autophagy (−), Resistance to TMZ, taxol and VM-26 (+), Radioresistance (+) | β-catenin/STAT3 pathway (+) | [43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58] |
| Mir-23b | VHL,Pyk2, HMGA2 | Proliferation (±), Invasion (±), Apoptosis(−), Migration(−), Cell cycle(−) | [59,60,61] | |
| Mir-26a | PTEN | [62] | ||
| Mir-30e* | IκBα | Invasion(+), Angiogenesis(+) | [63] | |
| Mir-31 | Radixin | Migration(−), Invasion(−) | [64] | |
| Mir-34a | E2F1, Notch1, Notch2,C-met | Proliferation(−), Apoptosis(+), | P53 | [25,65,66] |
| Mir-101 | EZH2 | Proliferation(−), Migration(−), Angiogenesis(−), | [67] | |
| Mir-124 | SNAI2 | Stemness(−), Invasion(−) | [68] | |
| Mir-125b | BMF, E2F2 | Angiogenesis(−), Proliferation(±), Apoptosis (−) | VEGF (−) | [69,70,71,72] |
| MiR-125b-2 | TMZ resistance(+) | [73] | ||
| Mir-128 | Bmi-1, E2F3a, p70s6k1, RTKs | Proliferation(−), Self-renew(−), Apoptosis(+), Angiogenesis(−), Differentiation(+) | Ginsenoside Rh2 (+) | [74,75,76,77,78] |
| Mir-137 | Cox-2, CDK6 | Iinvasion(−), Migration(−), Proliferation(−), Stmeness(−), Cell cycle(−) | [23,24] | |
| Mir-145 | CTGF, ADAM17, NEDD9 | Invasion(−), Migration (−), Proliferation(−), Stmeness(−) | [79,80,81,82] | |
| Mir-146 | EGFR | Invasion(−), Migration(−) | [83] | |
| Mir-152 | MMP-3 | Invasion(−), Angiogenesis(−) | [36] | |
| Mir-153 | IRS-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-2 | Apoptosis(+), Proliferation(−) | Chromatin-modifying drugs (+) | [84,85] |
| Mir-181 | Bcl-2 | Apoptosis(+), Invasion(−), Proliferation(−), Radiorasistance(+) | [86,87] | |
| Mir-182 | CYLD | Proliferation(+), Angiogenesis(+) | TGF-β (+) | [88] |
| Mir-184 | Npm1, Akt2 | Proliferation(−), Invasion(−) | [89] | |
| Mir-195 | E2F3, CCND3, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1 | Proliferation(−), Invasion(−), TMZ resistance(+) | [90,91,92] | |
| Mir-204 | SOX4, EphB2 | Self-renewal(−), Stemness(−), Migration(−), Invasion(−) | Methylation (+) | [93] |
| Mir-221/222 | TIMP3, PUMA, p57, PTEN, p27, ICAM-1, CX43, PTPμ | Invasion(+), Proliferation(+), Apoptosis(−), Radioresistance(+), TMZ resistance (+), Cytolysis to CTL (−) | NF-κB (+), C-Jun (+) | [94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103] |
| Mir-296 | HGS | Angiogenesis(+) | VEGF (+), EGF (+) | [104] |
| Mir-326 | PKM2, NOTCH1, NOTCH2 | Proliferation(−), Apoptosis(+), Invasion(−) | Notch (−) | [105,106,107] |
| Mir-410 | MET | Proliferation(−), Invasion(−) | Methylation (−) | [108] |
| Mir-451 | CAB39 | Response to metabolic stress | Glucose (+) | [109] |
| Mir-455 | TMZ resistance(+) | [90] | ||
| Mir-486 | CYLD, ITCH, TNIP-1, TNIP-2, TNIP-3 | Aggressiveness(+), Angiogenesis(+), Proliferation(+), Invasion(+) | [110] | |
| Let-7 | Migration(−), Proliferation(−) | [111] |
a (+) = promoted, (−) = inhibited; b (+) = upregulated, (−) = downregulated.