Table 2.
Phase I metabolism (cytochrome P450) in rodent and human fetal livers. 1
| Enzyme | Mouse | Rat | Human | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450s | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cyp1a1/CYP1A1 | ↑(M)↓(A) | ↓(M,P,A) | [7,12,13] | |
| Cyp1a2/CYP1A2 | ↓(M) | ↓(M,A) | ↓(M,P,A) | [7,11–15] |
| Cyp1b1/CYP1B1 | ↓(M) | ↑(M) | [11,13] | |
| Cyp2a4 | ↓(M) | [11,14,15] | ||
| Cyp2a5 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2a12 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2a22 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2b1 | ↓(M,A) | [7,16,17] | ||
| Cyp2b2 | ↓(M,A) | [7,16] | ||
| Cyp2b9 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2b10 | ↓(M) | [11,14,15] | ||
| Cyp2b13 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2b23 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2c6 | ↓(M) | [16] | ||
| Cyp2c7 | ↓(M) | [17] | ||
| CYP2C9 | ↓(P,A) | [18] | ||
| CYP2C19 | ↓(P,A) | [18] | ||
| Cyp2c29 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2c37 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2c38 | ↓↔(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2c39 | ↓↔(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2c40 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2c44 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2c50 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2c54 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2c55 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2c66 | ↓(M) | [11] | ||
| Cyp2c67 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2c68 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2c69 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2c70 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2d9 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2d10 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2d11 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2d12 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2d13 | ↓↔(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2d22 | ↓(M) | [11,14,15] | ||
| Cyp2d26 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2d34 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2d37-ps | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2d40 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp2e1/CYP2E1 | ↓(M) | ↓(M,A) | ↓(M) | [7,11,13–15] |
| Cyp2f2 | ↓(M) | [11,14,15] | ||
| Cyp2g1 | ↓↔(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2j5 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp2j6 | ↓(M) | [11,14] | ||
| Cyp2r1/CYP2R1 | ↓(M) | ↓(M) | [13,14] | |
| Cyp2s1/CYP2S1 | ↓(M) | [13] | ||
| Cyp2u1/CYP2U1 | ↓(M) | ↓(M) | [13,14] | |
| Cyp2w1/CYP2W1 | ↑(M) | [13] | ||
| Cyp3a1 | ↓(M,A) | [7,16,17] | ||
| Cyp3a2 | ↓(♂M,A)↑(♀M) | [7] | ||
| Cyp3a11/CYP3A4 | ↓(M) | ↓(M) | ↓(M,P,A) | [11,14,15,19–24] |
| CYP3A5 | ↔(M,P,A) | [19,21] | ||
| Cyp3a13 | ↓(M) | [11,14,15] | ||
| Cyp3a16/CYP3A7 | ↑↔(M) | ↑(M,P,A) | [11,14,15,19–21] | |
| Cyp3a25 | ↓(M) | [11,14,15] | ||
| Cyp3a41a/b | ↑(♂M) ↓(♀M) | [11,14,15] | ||
| Cyp3a44 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp3a59 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp4a1 | ↔(M)↓(♂A)↑(♀A) | [7] | ||
| Cyp4a10 | ↓(M) | [11,14,15] | ||
| Cyp4a12a/b | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp4a14 | ↓↔(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp4a31 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp4a32 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp4b1/CYP4B1 | ↓(M) | ↓(M) | [13,14] | |
| Cyp4f13 | ↓↔(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp4f14 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp4f15 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp4f16 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp4f18 | ↓↔(M) | [11,14] | ||
| Cyp4f39 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp4v3 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp4x1/CYP4X1 | ↓(M) | ↓(M) | [13] | |
| Cyp7a1 | ↓↔(M) | ↓(M) | [14,15,22,23] | |
| Cyp7b1 | ↓↔(M) | [14,15,22] | ||
| Cyp8b1 | ↓(M) | ↓(M) | [14,15,22,23] | |
| Cyp17a1 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp20a1 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp26a1 | ↓(M) | [14,15] | ||
| Cyp26b1 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp27 | ↓(M) | [23] | ||
| Cyp27a1 | ↓(M) | [14,15,22] | ||
| Cyp39a1 | ↓(M) | [14] | ||
| Cyp51 | ↓↔(M) | [14,15] | ||
1
Expression or activity compared to adult liver levels. mRNA expression (M), protein expression (P), and activity (A) are noted; ↑ denotes up-regulation; ↓ denotes down-regulation; and ↔ denotes no change. Specific data for females (♀) or males (♂) are noted. Human orthologs are indicated only for isoforms with human data. No data is available for Cyp3a57, Cyp4f17, and Cyp4f40.