TABLE 1.
Overall | Pubertal Timing | Race/Ethnicity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early | Not Early | Hispanic | Black | Other | White | ||
Age at wave 1, mean (SD), y | 11.10 (0.57) | 11.11 | 11.12 | 11.10 | 11.12 | 11.00 | 11.12 |
Family SES, mean (SD) | −0.16 (0.92) | −0.44*** | −0.13 | −0.64*** | −0.21*** | 0.50** | 0.79 |
Single-parent family, % | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 11*** | 7 | 4 |
Two parents, % | 66 | 61 | 66 | 75* | 40*** | 70* | 81 |
Early maturation, % | 15 | 100 | 0 | 17*** | 19*** | 15** | 6 |
Best friend’s deviance, mean (SD) | 0.73 (1.13) | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.82*** | 0.75** | 0.69 | 0.52 |
Delinquency, mean (SD)a | |||||||
Age 11 years | 0.61 (1.03) | 0.87*** | 0.57 | 0.37 | 1.19*** | 0.57* | 0.35 |
Age 13 years | 0.63 (1.13) | 1.04*** | 0.56 | 0.67*** | 0.93*** | 0.34 | 0.19 |
Age 16 years | 0.67 (1.15) | 0.82** | 0.65 | 0.74*** | 0.87*** | 0.45 | 0.29 |
Physical aggression, mean (SD)b | |||||||
Age 11 years | 0.95 (1.67) | 1.23*** | 0.91 | 0.83 | 1.40*** | 0.99* | 0.61 |
Age 13 years | 1.50 (2.41) | 2.02*** | 1.41 | 1.53*** | 2.12*** | 1.16 | 0.62 |
Age 16 years | 1.60 (2.47) | 1.65 | 1.61 | 1.50*** | 2.39*** | 0.97 | 0.83 |
Relational aggression, mean (SD)c | |||||||
Age 11 years | 1.00 (1.69) | 1.21* | 0.97 | 0.93* | 1.35*** | 1.08* | 0.64 |
Age 13 years | 1.20 (1.90) | 1.45* | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.48*** | 1.31 | 0.90 |
Age 16 years | 1.12 (1.54) | 1.07 | 1.14 | 0.88*** | 1.39* | 1.28 | 1.23 |
Nonphysical aggression, mean (SD)d | |||||||
Age 11 years | 1.19 (1.69) | 1.40* | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.52*** | 1.18 | 0.92 |
Age 13 years | 1.60 (2.24) | 2.01*** | 1.54 | 1.67*** | 1.93*** | 1.27 | 1.05 |
Age 16 years | 1.96 (2.29) | 2.01 | 1.97 | 1.81 | 2.35*** | 1.69 | 1.80 |
Delinquency ranged from 0 (none) to 6 delinquent acts; means correspond to <1 delinquent act.
Physical Aggression ranged from 0 (none) to 19 (each aggressive behavior ≥ 6 times last month).
Relational Aggression ranged from 0 (none) to 18 (each aggressive behavior ≥ 6 times last month).
Nonphysical Aggression ranged from 0 (none) to 15 (each aggressive behavior ≥ 6 times last month). Means for each aggression scale correspond to engaging in each aggressive behavior 1 to 2 times in last month (1) to 3 to 5 times per month (2).
*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.