TABLE 5.

Adjusted Odds Ratios by Poverty Level and Race/Ethnicity of Massachusetts Residents After Health Reform

	Poverty Level	Race/Ethnicity
	≤ 300% vs. > 300% FPL	Black vs. White	Hispanic vs. White
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Health status
General health	0.61 (0.57–0.66)	0.75 (0.65–0.86)	0.69 (0.62–0.77)
Physical health	0.78 (0.71–0.85)	1.25 (1.08–1.45)	1.15 (1.01–1.30)
Mental health	0.82 (0.76–0.89)	1.23 (1.08–1.41)	1.46 (1.29–1.66)
Health care services
Mammogram	0.72 (0.57–0.93)	1.75 (1.14–2.68)	1.34 (0.91–1.97)
Pap test	0.56 (0.41–0.78)	1.19 (0.81–1.75)	0.97 (0.65–1.45)
Colonoscopy	0.64 (0.53–0.76)	0.92 (0.67–1.26)	1.02 (0.74–1.42)
Cholesterol check	0.52 (0.43–0.64)	1.21 (0.89–1.63)	0.57 (0.45–0.72)
Health care access
Covered by insurance	0.32 (0.27–0.37)	0.72 (0.59–0.88)	0.52 (0.43–0.63)
Have personal doctor	0.58 (0.51–0.63)	0.71 (0.59–0.84)	0.64 (0.55–0.74)
Cost barriers	2.78 (2.43–3.17)	1.28 (1.08–1.52)	1.30 (1.13–1.52)

Notes: Subgroup analysis for Massachusetts residents after Massachusetts health reform (2007–2011). Based on logistic regression with outcomes as dependent variable; poverty level (≤ 300% versus > 300% of the federal poverty level), and race (black versus white, Hispanic versus white) as predictor variables. Adjusted for individual sex, age, race/ethnicity, income, employment, marital status, and education and the annual unemployment rates in each state.

OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; and FPL = federal poverty level.