Daily periodic blood glucose (yBG) target zone boundaries (milligrams per deciliter). Daytime, 7:00 AM–10:00 PM; nighttime, 12:00 PM–5:00 AM; daytime zone, 80–140 mg/dl; nighttime zone, 110–220 mg/dl; smooth transition of 2 h duration (5:00 AM–7:00 AM, 10:00 PM–12:00 PM) based on the cosine function.