Simulation result. Top plot is blood glucose (yBG mg/ dl): PZMPC (blue, solid), invariant-zone-MPC (red, dashed), and nighttime-basal (black, dash–dotted). Lower three plots are insulin input (uIN U/5 min): PZMPC (blue, top), invariant-zone-MPC (red, middle), and nighttime-basal (black, bottom). This in silico subject results in trajectories with typical characteristics. (See The Typical Case and Table 1.)