Table 3.
Baropodometric Parameters of the Healthy Group, the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Group, and the Prediabetes Groupa
| Plantar region | HG (30) | DMG (28) | PDG (15) | p values |
| Peak pressure, kPa | ||||
| Heel | 316 (59)b | 326 (84)b | 311 ( 6 4) b | 0.896 |
| Midfoot | 144 (31)b | 161 (43)b | 173 (4 3 ) b | 0.051 |
| Metatarsal | 406 (69)b | 482 (109)c | 509 (109)c | 0.010 |
| Toes 2 to 5 | 104 (38)b | 98 (75)b | 99 (36)b | 0.305 |
| Hallux | 279 (95)b | 283 (105)b | 336 (107)b | 0.209 |
| Stance time, ms | 924 (130)b | 1038 (144)c | 983 (101)b | 0.017 |
| Contact time, % roll over process | ||||
| Heel | 65 (7)b | 67 (6)b | 66 (6)b | 0.569 |
| Midfoot | 70 (7)b | 73 (6)c | 76 (3)c | 0.006 |
| Metatarsal | 88 (2)b | 91 (3)c | 90 (3)c | 0.004 |
| Toes 2 to 5 | 52 (1)b | 59 (14)b | 56 (18)b | 0.313 |
| Hallux | 6.5 (1)b | 7.3 (9)c | 6.9 (1)d | 0.041 |
| Pressure-time integral, kPa/s | ||||
| Heel | 115 (27) b | 135 (44)b | 124 (39)b | 0.205 |
| Midfoot | 61 (21)b | 80 (30)c | 87 (24)c | 0.004 |
| Metatarsal | 156 (31)b | 222 (64)c | 205 (53)c | <0.001 |
| Toes 2 to 5 | 76 (32)b | 99 (44)c | 116 (5 5) d | 0.002 |
| Hallux | 30 (4)b | 36 (19)c | 33 (16)d | 0.039 |
| Contact area, % total contact area | ||||
| Heel | 25 (2)b | 25 (4)b | 24 (2)b | 0.403 |
| Midfoot | 20 (3)b | 20 (5)b | 22 (2)b | 0.090 |
| Metatarsal | 37(2)b | 38 (3)b | 37 (2)b | 0.206 |
| Toes 2 to 5 | 7 (2)b | 6 (2)b | 6 (2)b | 0.205 |
| Hallux | 8 (1)b | 8 (1)b | 8 (2)b | 0.868 |
a
Data reported as mean (SD). Statistical significance when p < .05.
b,c,d
Different letters in the same line are used to denote where the between groups significant difference was found after post hoc Scheffé. Equal letters denote no significant difference between groups.