Table 1.

Characteristics of Hyperglycemic Critically Ill Children in the Treatment and Baseline Groups^a

Characteristic	Treatment N = 130	Baseline N = 137	P value
Patient characteristics
Center of origin (YNHCH), N	63 (48.5%)	68 (49.6%)	0.903
Age (months), mean ± SD	78.8 ± 94.7	70.5 ± 75.4	0.407
PIM2, mean ± SD	15.7 ± 25.7	10.9 ± 22.3	0.001
Male gender, N	65 (50.0%)	76 (55.5%)	0.370
Diagnosis			0.006
Respiratory	42 (32.3%)	33 (24.1%)
Cardiac surgery	20 (15.4%)	30 (21.9%)
Noncardiac surgery and trauma	13 (10.0%)	33 (24.1%)
Sepsis	25 (19.2%)	15 (11.0%)
Other medical conditions	30 (23.1%)	26 (19.0%)
Surgical diagnosis, N	33 (25.4%)	63 (46.0%)	<0.001

Cointerventions
Mechanical ventilation, N	123 (94.6%)	136 (99.3%)	0.026
Vasopressors, N	93 (71.5%)	87 (63.5%)	0.161
Corticosteroids, N	91 (70.0%)	53 (38.7%)	<0.001
Carbohydrate calories (cal/kg/day), mean ± SD	18.0 ± 15.0	13.8 ± 13.8	0.003

Glucose metrics
Daily BG (mg/dl), mean ± SD	140 ± 24	179 ± 47	<0.001
GVI (mg/dl/h), mean ± SD	15.9 ± 10.1	11.2 ± 29.5	<0.001
Insulin dose (U/kg/h), mean ± SD	0.05 ± 0.04	0.00 ± 0.00	<0.001
Hypoglycemia, N	16 (12.3%)	2 (1.5%)	<0.001
First BG (mg/dl), mean ± SD	221 ± 72	211 ± 72	0.136

Outcomes
ICUFD, mean ± SD	11.8 ± 9.5	16.8 ± 9.9	<0.001
Duration of ICU stay (days), mean ± SD	16.3 ± 19.6	7.6 ± 7.6	<0.001
VFD, mean ± SD	14.5 ± 10.5	19.0 ± 10.2	<0.001
VPFD, mean ± SD	18.7 ± 11.0	21.4 ± 10.3	0.006
Mortality, N	27 (20.8%)	23 (16.8%)	0.405

^aSD, standard deviation.