Appendix A:
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics—Matched Cohorts—Among Patients with Abnormal Baseline Glycated Hemoglobina
| SMBG user cohort | Non-SMBG user cohort | P valueb | |
| (N = 113) | (N = 113) | ||
| Treatment patterns | |||
| Observation period, days, mean (SD) | 924 (364) | 937 (373) | 0.7962 |
| Time from diagnosis, days, mean (SD) | 128 (185) | 97 (169) | 0.1609 |
| Year of index date,c n | |||
| 2007 | 14 (12.4%) | 27 (23.9%) | 0.0280 |
| 2008 | 30 (26.5%) | 36 (31.9%) | 0.3545 |
| 2009 | 28 (24.8%) | 15 (13.3%) | 0.0236 |
| 2010 | 41 (36.3%) | 35 (31.0%) | 0.4054 |
| Demographicsc | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 62.7 (13.4) | 64.9 (14.9) | 0.2020 |
| Gender, female, n | 53 (46.9%) | 54 (47.8%) | 0.8864 |
| Ethnicity, white, n | 83 (73.5%) | 79 (69.9%) | 0.5371 |
| Insurance,c n | |||
| Health maintenance organization | 52 (46.0%) | 37 (32.7%) | 0.0357 |
| Medicare | 47 (41.6%) | 56 (49.6%) | 0.1985 |
| Medicaid | 6 (5.3%) | 4 (3.5%) | 0.5271 |
| Multiple payors | 8 (7.1%) | 16 (14.2%) | 0.0881 |
| Baseline medication,d n | |||
| Antihyperlipidemics | 47 (41.6%) | 46 (40.7%) | 0.8840 |
| Antihypertensives | 59 (52.2%) | 49 (43.4%) | 0.1892 |
| Beta blockers | 38 (33.6%) | 34 (30.1%) | 0.5553 |
| Antidepressants | 13 (11.5%) | 13 (11.5%) | 1.0000 |
| Quan Charlson comorbidity index,d,e mean (SD) | 0.56 (1.23) | 0.70 (1.19) | 0.2597 |
| Comorbidities,d n | |||
| Cardiovascular eventf | 32 (28.3%) | 25 (22.1%) | 0.2858 |
| Comorbidities related to diabetes, n | |||
| Nephropathy | 3 (2.7%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0.6547 |
| Retinopathy | — | — | — |
| Proteinuria | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | — |
| Hypoglycemia | — | — | — |
| Other comorbidities, n | |||
| Hypertension | 61 (54.0%) | 63 (55.8%) | 0.7855 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 76 (67.3%) | 77 (68.1%) | 0.8759 |
| Obesity | 19 (16.8%) | 17 (15.0%) | 0.7055 |
| Anemia | 4 (3.5%) | 5 (4.4%) | 0.7389 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (1.8%) | 2 (1.8%) | 1.0000 |
| Baseline resource utilization,d mean (SD) | |||
| Emergency room visits | 0.24 (0.71) | 0.12 (0.48) | 0.1287 |
| Inpatient visits | 0.37 (2.05) | 0.37 (1.66) | 1.0000 |
| Outpatient/other visits | 8.18 (9.13) | 7.00 (5.77) | 0.0689 |
| Weight (lbs.)g,h | |||
| Number of patients, n | 77 (68.1%) | 77 (68.1%) | — |
| Weight, mean (SD) | 209.1 (56.2) | 216.8 (55.3) | 0.8304 |
| HbA1c, %g,i | |||
| Number of patients, n (%) | 113 (100.0%) | 113 (100.0%) | — |
| HbA1c level, mean (SD) | 8.2 (1.4) | 8.2 (1.4) | 0.7810 |
| Uncontrolled (i.e., ≥7%), n (%) | 113 (100.0%) | 113 (100.0%) | — |
| BP, mm Hgg,h | |||
| Number of patients, n (%) | 109 (96.5%) | 110 (97.3%) | — |
| Systolic BP level, mean (SD) | 130.6 (15.1) | 135.9 (19.7) | 0.0700 |
| Diastolic BP level, mean (SD) | 75.1 (11.1) | 76.8 (10.1) | 0.1598 |
SD, standard deviation.
P value tested the null hypothesis that the distributions were the same between the two cohorts.
Evaluated at the index date.
Evaluated during the 6-month baseline period.
Diabetes (mild to moderate) and diabetes with chronic complications were excluded.
Including acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, angina, cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, serious atrial arrhythmia, serious ventricular arrhythmia, sinus tachycardia, and stroke/transient ischemic attack.
The reading on or closest to, but prior to, the index date took precedence over the postindex value.
Evaluated, at most, within 3 months prior to or 3 months following the index date.
Evaluated, at most, within 3 months prior to or 1 month following the index date.