Table 2.

Incremental Effects from Logistic Regression of Likelihood of Being a Low Electronic Health Record (EHR) Adoption Area

	EHR Adoption Rate Unadjusted for Site Characteristics					Probability of Adoption for the Average Provider's Site
	US	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	US	Northeast	Midwest	South	West
Area has high concentration of minority population
No	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†
Yes	0.12***	0.019**	0.06	0.00	0.21***	0.08**	0.16*	0.11	0.05	0.14**
Area has high concentration of low-income population
No	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†
Yes	0.03	−0.05	0.19**	0.03	0.05	0.08**	−0.01	0.21**	0.09	0.07
Metropolitan status
Large central metropolitan	−0.01	−0.09	0.06	0.03	0.14*	0.01	−0.03	0.05	−0.01	0.15**
Large fringe metropolitan	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†	—†
Medium or small metropolitan	−0.12***	−0.28***	−0.04	−0.07	0.04	−0.08**	−0.14*	0.02	−0.09	0.03
Non-metropolitan	−0.10**	−0.26***	0.05	−0.04	−0.07	−0.13***	−0.22**	0.01	−.011*	−0.10
Cutoff for lowest quartile, %	32	29	35	33	33	32	30	33	33	32
N	2,068	405	469	735	459	2,068	405	469	735	459
Test for metropolitan status (χ2)	28.6***	36.1***	4.5	5.1	16.9***	30.7***	14.8**	0.7	6.5	26.3***

Note. Incremental effects are the percentage point differences in the likelihood of being a low-adoption area for the area type relative to the reference category based on logistic regression coefficient estimates. Results for the United States are based on a national model with dependent and independent variables defined based on national distributions of EHR adoption and minority and low-income population concentration. Region-specific results are based on a model with dependent and independent variables defined based on regional distributions and including interactions between region and the independent variables reported in the table.

Marginal effect estimate statistically different from zero at ***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05 based on standard errors obtained by the delta method.

^†Reference category.