Table 3.

Multivariable Adjusted Odds Ratios for Non-Worker's Compensation Expected Payer Work-Related Emergency Department Visits—National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2003–2006

Characteristic	Adjusted Odds Ratio* (95% CI)
Race
White	Ref
Black	1.72 (1.27–2.32)
Other	1.17 (0.64–2.14)
Geographic region
Northeast	1.26 (0.78–2.04)
Midwest	1.30 (0.85–1.98)
South	1.57 (1.02–2.42)
West	Ref
Ownership
Not-for-profit	Ref
Government, nonfederal	0.92 (0.68–1.24)
For-profit	1.63 (1.08–2.46)
Diagnosis type
Injury or poisoning	Ref
Illness or other reason for visit	1.52 (1.26–1.84)
Year	1.19 (1.08–1.31)†

^*Odds ratios statistically adjusted for the effect of all other variables in the table.

^†Odds ratio associated with the average annual change in nonpayment by WC during the study period, year analyzed as continuous variable.