Figure 2. STAT-dependent signaling and gene expression in LIF treated trophoblastic cells. LIF upon binding to the gp130-LIF receptor complex present on the plasma membrane of trophoblastic cells activate JAKs that ultimately phosphorylate the STAT3 and or STAT1 in the cytoplasm. These activated STATs form the homo- or hetero-dimers and move inside the nucleus to influence the expression of various genes that could regulate different functions like cytokine and signaling (IL-6, OSMR, SOCS3, and JUNB), adhesion (CECAM1, PDPN, and ITGB3), invasion (PAPPA, Caspase1, SERPINB3, TIMP1, TIMP2, and TIMP3), angiogenesis (ID1, ICAM1, EDIL3, and CCL2), etc. The genes whose expression is downregulated following LIF treatment are shown with down-arrow, while those showing upregulation are depicted with an up arrow.