Table 4.
Resistance or combined exercise and insulin resistance (randomized controlled trials).
| References | Gender | Age | Treatment | BW (kg) |
BMI (kg/m2) |
IS | Study Duration |
Protocol | ΔBW (kg) |
ΔBMI (kg/m2) |
ΔIS (%) |
IS Measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shaibi et al. [22] | 22 boys | 15.6 15.1 |
Control exercise |
98.3†
90.0 |
34.6 32.5 |
1.7 2.3 |
16 wk | 2 days/wk, <1 h/session 2 sets, ~15 reps, 10 exercises ~97% of 1RM |
2.1 1.9 |
0.4 0.4 |
5.9 39.1∗† |
FSIVGTT (×10−4/min/µU/mL) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Chang et al. [54] | 36 boys 13 girls (Chinese) |
12–14 | Control exercise |
71.3 75.8 |
27.1 27.5 |
7.5 6.8 |
1 yr | 2–5 times/wk, 60–90 min/session Aerobic + strength exercise 0–9-months: supervised exercise 10–12-months: no intervention |
9 mo/1 yr ≈4.5/7.5 ≈1.2/6.2 |
9 mo/1 yr ≈0.5/0.7 ≈–0.6/0.6 |
9 mo/1 yr NA/44.0* −48.5*/44.1 |
HOMA-IR |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Benson et al. [55] | 46 boys 32 girls |
10–15 | Control exercise |
51.7 59.2 |
22.1 24.0 |
1.1 1.3 |
8 wk | 2 days/wk, 2 sets, 8 reps 11 exercises, 80% of 1RM |
2.0 1.5 |
0.4 0.0 |
0.2 (log) 0.1 (log) |
HOMA-IR |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Davis et al. [56] | 28 boys 26 girls |
14–18 | Control nutrition EDU (NU) NU + exercise |
93.0 87.9 95.3 |
33.7 32.3 34.9 |
1.8 1.6 1.5 |
16 wk | 2 days/wk, <1 h/session 2 sets, ~15 reps, 10 exercise ~97% of 1RM + 1 time/wk of nutrition EDU, 90 min/session |
0.6 0.1 −0.3 |
0.2 −0.1 0.0 |
5.6 12.5 0.0 |
FSIVGTT (×10−4/min/µU/mL) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Davis et al. [57] | 44 youth | 14–18 | Control exercise Motivation + exercise |
94.4 80.2 88.5 |
36.4 32.4 34.6 |
4.9 2.0 1.6 |
16 wk | 2 days/week, 60–90 min/session 30–45 min of aerobic exercise (70–85% of maximal HR) + 30–45 min of strength exercise 8 motivation interview sessions |
NA | NA | −4.0 −21.0 NA |
HOMA-IR |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Lee et al. [20] | 45 boys | 12–18 | Control exercise |
100.0 97.7 |
33.9 34.5 |
2.7 2.9 |
3 mo | 3 days/wk, 60 min/session 1-2 sets, 8–12 reps, 10 exercises >60% of baseline 1RM |
2.6* −0.6 |
0.3 −0.6* |
−3.7 27.6∗† |
Euglycemic clamp (mL/kg/min per µU/min) |
BMI: body mass index; BW: body weight; EDU: education; FSIVGTT: frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IS: insulin sensitivity; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; RM: repetition maximum; Δ: change score.
*Significantly different from baseline within each group (P < 0.05).
†Significantly different from controls or other groups (P < 0.05).