. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 31.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Biotechnol. 2012 Jul 10;30(7):10.1038/nbt.2285. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2285

Table 2. Autophagy inducers and inhibitors for cancer treatment.

Compound	Target	Tumor type/Cancer cell types	References

Autophagy inducers

Temsirolimus (CCI-779)^*	mTORC1 inhibitors	Renal cancer^*, Mantle cell lymphoma	79
Everolimus(RAD-001)^*		Renal cancer^*, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)	80
Rapamycin		Glioma, malignant	81
		Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)^*	82

Imatinib^*	Tyrosine kinases Inhibitors; KIT, BCR-Abl, PDGFR,	Gastrointestinal stromal tumor^, Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)^	83
Dasatinib^*	EGFR	Glioma^*	84
Erlotinib^*		Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)^*	85

Bortezomib^*	Proteasome inhibitors	Multiple myeloma^*	86
NPI-0052		Prostate cancer	87

Vorinostat^*	HDAC inhibitors	Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL)^*
Butyrate, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)		Multiple cancers, CML	88, 89
LAQ824, Panobinostat (LBH589)		Lymphoma	90

Temezolamide^*	DNA alkylating agent	Glioblastoma, Metastatic melanoma^*	91

GX15-070	Bcl2 inhibitor	Pancreatic carcinoma	92
		Leukemia	93

Arsenic trioxide^*		Acute promyelocytic leukemia^*	94
		Glioma, malignant	95

Resveratrol	Antioxidant	Ovarian cancer	96

Autophagy Inhibitors

3-methyladenine (3-MA)	Class III PI3 kinase inhibitor		97-99
		Colorectal cancer,	100

Chloroquine^*	Lysosomal pH	Malaria^*
		Glioma, malignant	89, 101
		Lymphoma	77, 78

Hydroxychloroquine^*	Lysosomal pH	Malaria, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis^*
		Breast cancer	102
			98

Bafilomycin A1	Vacuolar-ATPase		98, 103
		Glioma, malignant	91
		Breast cancer	104

Monensin	Lysosomal pH		98, 105
		Glioma, malignant	131

Pepstatin A	Lysosomal protease (Cathepsin inhibitor)	Cervical cancer	106

Compounds with an asterisk, are registered by FDA for designated diseases.