TABLE 4.

Logistic Regression Models of Adolescent Last Year Smoking (2011), with Multiple Imputation and Cluster-Corrected Standard Errors

	Model 1: Unadjusted Effects of Parental Smoking Trajectories		Model 2: Including Parent- and Child-Level Controls		Model 3: Including Indicator of Older Sibling Smoker
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Parent measures (n = 214)
Smoking trajectories (vs consistent nonsmoker)
Early-onset light smokers who quit/reduce	3.24*	1.28–8.17	3.50*	1.12–10.95	3.14*	1.07–9.21
Late-onset persistent smokers	4.63**	1.60–13.39	4.34*	1.32–14.32	4.24*	1.36–13.22
Early-onset persistent heavy smokers	3.78**	1.55–9.24	3.38*	1.10–10.41	2.25	0.75–6.73
Currently married	—	—	1.01	0.43–2.36	1.01	0.47–2.15
Education level (vs high school or less)
Associate’s degree or vocational/technical	—	—	1.08	0.39–2.98	1.12	0.43–2.93
Some college	—	—	1.65	0.55–4.97	1.70	0.57–5.08
Bachelor’s degree or higher	—	—	1.55	0.30–8.02	1.52	0.30–7.70
Male (vs female)	—	—	0.85	0.31–2.32	1.09	0.40–3.00
Currently employed (vs not employed)	—	—	0.94	0.37–2.39	0.86	0.36–2.05
Children measures (n = 314)
Age	—	—	1.36***	1.15–1.60	1.45***	1.22–1.73
White–non-Hispanic (vs non-White)	—	—	1.22	0.53–2.81	1.36	0.59–3.12
Male (vs female)	—	—	1.19	0.47–2.97	1.30	0.50–3.33
Depressive affect	—	—	1.03	0.93–1.14	1.04	0.93–1.15
Grade point average	—	—	0.45*	0.24–0.83	0.47*	0.26–0.86
Self-esteem	—	—	0.93	0.71–1.22	0.90	0.69–1.18
Close to parent respondent (vs not at all)	—	—	0.36	0.07–1.70	0.44	0.10–1.99
Older sibling smoker	—	—	—	—	6.31***	2.39–16.66

Standard errors for significance tests and confidence intervals (CIs) are adjusted for clustering of siblings within parents. —, variable not included in model.

^*P < .05; ** P < .01; *** P < .001 (2-tailed t test).