. 2013 Sep;132(3):502–516. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-0077

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of Included Home-Visiting Programs

	Timing of Enrollment	Study Population	Additional Characteristics	Home Visitor	Frequency, Duration of Visits	Additional Interventions	Theory of Change
Affleck et al⁴⁵ (1989)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates, majority	none	Nurse	Weekly, 15 wk	—	Crisis theory associated with care of preterm infants
Affleck et al⁴⁵ (1989)	Before NICU discharge	<36 wk and<1250 g	none	Nurse	Weekly, 15 wk	—	Crisis theory associated with care of preterm infants
Barrera et al^41,⁴² (1986)	2 wk after discharge	Full-term and preterm infants	none	Infant development specialist	Weekly, first 3 mo	—	Transactional model focuses on parent-infant interactions
		(<37 wk, <2000 g)			Biweekly, 6 mo
		(<37 wk, <2000 g)			Monthly, until 1 y
Beckwith⁴⁰ (1988)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates, <35 wk and <2000 g	Low socioeconomic status	RN or infant development specialist	Frequency not described, 12 mo	—	No specific theory reported
Brooten and colleages^15,¹⁶ (1986, 1993)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates <1500 g	none	Nurse	Visits during first week home, then at 1, 9, 12, and 18 mo	Hospital-based intervention with parents during NICU stay. Weekly telephone contact for 2 mo after discharge.	No specific theory reported
Casiro et al²⁷ (1993)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates <2000 g	none	Nurse	Individually determined over 8 wk, range 2–7 visits	Included trained homemakers to assist with childcare and housekeeping.	No specific theory reported
Field et al^38,³⁹ (1980, 1982)	After discharge	Full-term and preterm infants <37 wk, <2500 g	Teen moms, African American, low socioeconomic status	Graduate student with a teenaged work/study student.	Biweekly, first 4 mo Monthly, until 12 mo	—	Interaction effect of prematurity and maternal attributes
Finello et al^46,⁴⁷ (1998)	1 wk after discharge	NICU graduates 750–1500 g	none	Not described	Frequency not described, over 2 y	Some also received home health nursing, providing critical care at home for first 1 to 4 wk.	No specific theory reported
Furuno et al^35,³⁷ (1985, 1986)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates <1500 g or <2000 g requiring mechanical ventilation	none	Nurse	Biweekly, 9 mo	Hospital-based intervention with parents during NICU stay.	Motor and sensory deficit model for preterm infants
Infant Health and Development Program^17–²⁴ (1990, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2003, 2009)	After discharge	Preterm infants <37 wk and <2500 g	none	Paraprofessional	Weekly, first year Biweekly, until 3 y	Center-based and group interventions after 1 y	Transactional model focuses on parent-infant interactions
Kang et al⁵³ (1995)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates <36 wk	none	Nurse	9 visits over 5 mo	Hospital-based intervention with parents during NICU stay.	Transactional model focuses on parent-infant interactions
Mother Infant Communication Project^25,²⁶ (1987, 1993)	After discharge	NICU graduates with LBW, prematurity, and other complications	Additional social risks (teen mom, child protective services, substance use, low income, child protective services)	Infant development specialist	Weekly then spaced to monthly for first year, then quarterly until 2 y	Some also participated in center-based groups and/or smaller local groups	Responsivity to infant cues important to development
Mother Infant Transaction Project^34,^36,^43,⁴⁴ (1984, 1988, 1990, 1993)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates <2250 g and <37 wk	none	Nurse	4 visits: 3, 14, 30, and 90 d after discharge	Hospital-based intervention with parents and infant during NICU stay.	Transactional model focuses on parent-infant interactions
Neu and Robinson⁵⁴ (2010)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates 32–34 wk	none	Nurse	Weekly, 8 wk	Some parents received part of intervention during NICU stay.	Coregulation
Resnick et al^31–³³ (1987, 1988)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates 500–1800 g	none	Infant development specialist	Biweekly, 2 y	Hospital-based intervention with parents during NICU stay.	No specific theory reported
Ross³⁰ (1984)	After discharge	NICU graduates with LBW, prematurity, and other complications	Low socioeconomic status	Team of RN, occupational therapist	Biweekly, first 3 mo, then monthly up to 1 y	—	No specific theory reported
Teti et al²⁹ (2009)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates <2500 g or <37 wk	African American	Master’s or doctoral student	8 sessions over 20 wk	Hospital-based intervention with parents during NICU stay. Also infant massage therapy after discharge.	Transactional model focuses on parent-infant interactions
Zahr²⁸ (2000)	Before NICU discharge	NICU graduates 800–2000 g	Hispanic, low socioeconomic status	Nurse	Two arms: “short” = 11 visits in 4 mo, “extended” = 19 visits in 12 mo	—	Transactional model focuses on parent-infant interactions

RN, registered nurse.