Table 1. African-born Victorian residents with HIV: participant characteristics, HIV testing history, exposure and HIV-1 subtype.

	Demographic characteristics				HIV testing history		HIV exposure			HIV subtype[1]		Accession No.	Comments on exposure
Case No.	Gender	Age at diagnosis (yrs)	Country of birth	Year of arrival	Year of HIV test		Exposure route	Self-reported exposure location
					Last negative	First positive		Interview	Case notes	pol	env
CS01	M	51	South Africa	Unknown	1987	2001	MSM+/−IDU	Australia/Europe	Unknown	—	B	GU211906	Negative HIV test in Australia 14 years before diagnosis. Multiple male sexual contacts for many years in Australia, Europe.
CS02	M	40	Eritrea	1995	2003	2005	Heterosexual	Kenya/Australia	Unknown	—	C	GU211907	Negative HIV test in Australia 2 years before diagnosis. No details of source partner. Travel history not available.
CS05	M	36	Ethiopia	1994	1994	2002	Heterosexual	Kenya	Unknown	C	C	GU211908	Last ngeative test in Kenya 8 years before diagnosis. Case notes: heterosexual contact with woman from high-prevalence country. Interview: no sexual source mentioned, only low-risk health care-related blood exposures.
CS06	F	27	Kenya	1997	1997	1998	Other	Kenya	Kenya	—	A	GU211909	Last negative test in Kenya 1 year before diagnosis. Multiple health-care related blood exposures in Kenya. Male partner in Kenya HIV negative.
CS07	M	40	Mauritius	Unknown	2004	2004	MSM+/−IDU	Australia	Australia	B	B	GU211910	Documented seroconversion after unprotected male-to-male sex in Australia.
CS08	M	38	Ethiopia	1996	1996	2002	MSM+/−IDU	Australia	Unknown	B	B	GU211911	Negative HIV test in UK 6 years prior to diagnosis. Male-to-male sex in Australia.
CS09	F	32	Zimbabwe	1999	1998	2002	Other	Zimbabwe	Unknown	—	C	GU211912	Two health-care related blood exposures in Zimbabwe after last negative test in Zimbabwe 3 years before diagnosis.
CS10	F	43	Zambia	1989	No prior test	2000	Unknown	Australia	Unknown	—	C	GU211913	One male partner (later found to be HIV+) since 20 years prior to HIV diagnosis. No blood-borne exposure. No previous HIV test.
CS11	M	48	Ethiopia	Unknown	No prior test	2005	Unknown	Ethiopia	Unknown	—	C	GU211914	No exposure history available
CS12	M	34	Kenya	Unknown	No prior test	2006	Heterosexual	Kenya	Kenya	A1	A	GU211915	Heterosexual contact in Kenya with female partner from high-prevalence country.
CS13	F	25	Ethiopia	1998	No prior test	2001	Heterosexual	Unknown	Uganda/Ethiopia	C	—	Not sequenced	Heterosexual contact in Uganda/Ethiopia.
CS14	M	47	Ethiopia	1996	1995	2006	Heterosexual	Australia	Unknown	—	C	GU211916	Negative HIV test in Australia 11 years prior to diagnosis. Unknown source partner.
CS15	M	42	Tanzania	Unknown	No prior test	1995	Heterosexual	Europe	Unknown	—	A	GU211917	Multiple heterosexual contacts in Europe and Tanzania.
CS16	F	27	Ethiopia	Unknown	1990	1997	Heterosexual	Unknown	Ethiopia	C	—	Not sequenced	Possible heterosexual contact or needle exposure in Ethiopia after negative test in Sudan 7 years before diagnosis
CS17	M	41	Ethiopia	1993	1993	2002	Heterosexual	Australia	Unknown	—	C	GU211918	Source partner known HIV+. Negative HIV test in Sudan 11 years prior to diagnosis.
CS18	M	30	Ethiopia	Unknown	No prior test	1998	Heterosexual	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	C	C	GU211919	Heterosexual exposure in Ethiopia.
CS19	M	26	Ethiopia	1990	No prior test	1990	Heterosexual	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	C	C	GU211920	Possible heterosexual or low-risk blood exposure in Ethiopia.
CS20	F	31	Ghana	2005	No prior test	2005	Heterosexual	Ghana	Ghana	AG	A	GU211921	Male sexual partners in Ghana. No other exposure history available.
CS21	M	47	Zimbabwe	Unknown	2000	2002	Heterosexual	PNG	PNG	—	C	GU211922	Heterosexual sex with PNG-born female partner in PNG after last negative test in Australia 2 years before diagnosis.
CS22	M	40	Mauritius	Unknown	No prior test	1992	MSM+/−IDU	Australia	Unknown	B	B	GU211923	Multiple male-to-male sexual exposures in Australia.

[1] pol subtype from antiretroviral susceptibility genotype assay; env subtype from sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of V3 (see Methods).