Table 6.

Distribution of Genetic Mutations Conferring Resistance and Genotypes of MDR-TB of East Africa

Country of East Africa	# MDR-TB isolates	Rifampicin Mutations	Spoligotype	Reference (Year)
Burundia
Kenya	15	9/15 C526T 6/15 C531T	6/15 SIT 26 (CAS1) 2/15 SIT 1 (Beijing) 7/15 untyped	Githui et al (2004)46
Rwanda	13	7/13 S531L 2/13 S531L + T563A 2/13 S531L + T480I 1/13 S531L + T481A 1/13 A516V	N/Ab	Umubyeyi et al (2007)7
Rwanda	3	N/Ab	3/3 SIT 152 (T2)	Umubyeyi et al (2007)47
Rwanda	64	N/Ab	34/64 SIT 52 (T2) 8/64 SIT 125 (T2) 1/64 SIT 853 (T2) 7/64 unclustered 14 isolates were not reported	Gafirita et al (2012)48
Tanzania	3	1/3 C531G 1/3 C531T 1/3 C526T	1/3 SIT 59 (LAM11-ZWE) 1/3 SIT 354 (EAI) 1/3 SIT 21 (CAS1-Kili)	Kibiki et al (2007)11
Uganda	15	N/Ab	4/15 SIT 52 (T2) 3/15 SIT 128 (T2) 2/15 SIT 135 (T2) 1/15 UGA 7 (T2) 1/15 SIT 42 (LAM9) 1/15 UGA 18 (T2) 3/15 Othersc (T2)	Asiimwe et al (2008)15
Uganda	13	9/13 S531L 1/13 H526D 3/13 wild type mutationsd	N/A b	Albert et al (2010) 19
Uganda	2	1/2 D516V+H526Y+H526D 1/2 S531L+530–533 wild type mutation	1/2 SIT 20 (Delhi/CAS) 1/2 SIT 135 (T2)	Bazira et al (2011)17

^aNo study published

^bNot done

^cUnique T2 isolates

^d1 isolate had both 513–517 and 516–519, 1 isolate had both 516–519 and 526–529, and 1 had 530–533 wild type mutations at specific regions in rpoβ gene.