Table 1. Parliamentary influence on constituent referenda choices.
| Identification: Number of referendaon the same day | Identification: Low turnout referendum | ||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Years covered | 1848–2009 | 1848–2009 | 1884–2009 | 1884–2009 | 1884–2009 |
| Parliament suggests YES | 1.7323***(0.2742) | 1.7403***(0.2902) | 1.7213***(0.2922) | 2.4834***(0.1212) | 2.5485***(0.1227) |
| Parliament suggests YES * Number of referenda on the same day | 0.2641*** (0.0875) | 0.3103*** (0.0963) | 0.3068*** (0.0973) | ||
| Number of referenda on the same day | −0.1950**(0.0777) | −0.1793**(0.0827) | −0.1832**(0.0843) | 0.0574***(0.0107) | 0.0748***(0.0143) |
| Parliament suggests YES * Low turnout referendum | 0.4010*** (0.1113) | 0.2956*** (0.1140) | |||
| Low turnout referendum | −0.1201(0.1013) | −0.0689(0.1014) | |||
| Counterproposal | −0.2083(0.3073) | −0.2979(0.3110) | −0.4030***(0.0514) | ||
| Turnout | −1.9731***(0.4562) | −1.4259***(0.2443) | |||
| Constituency fixed effects | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Decade fixed effects | NO | YES | YES | NO | YES |
| DE Parliament suggests YES | 45.9540 | 46.7379 | 46.5972 | 53.3954 | 53.5781 |
| DE Parliament suggests YES * Number of referendaon the same day | 9.2357 | 10.8994 | 10.9059 | ||
| DE Parliament suggests YES * Low turnout referendum | 7.1800 | 5.5651 | |||
| Clustering | Referendum | Referendum | Referendum | Constituency | Constituency |
| Sample restriction | >1 referendum | >1 referendum | |||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.2996 | 0.3312 | 0.3505 | 0.3485 | 0.3671 |
| Brier | 0.1925 | 0.1853 | 0.1808 | 0.1812 | 0.1765 |
| No. obs. | 14127 | 14127 | 13502 | 9961 | 9961 |
Notes: The dependent variable for all logit estimations is Constituency accepts referendum. Robust clustered standard error estimates for referenda (columns 1–3) and constituencies (columns 4–5) are reported throughout the table. An intercept is always included. DE denotes the discrete effects in the predicted probability. The discrete effects for Parliament suggests YES * Number of referenda on the same day, and Parliament suggests YES * Low turnout referendum represent changes in percentage points for the coefficients when all other variables are evaluated at their median values and the Number of referenda on the same day changes from one to three (columns 1–3), and Low turnout referendum changes from zero to one (columns 4–5). ***, **, and * indicate a mean significance level of below 1%, between 1 and 5%, and between 5 and 10%, respectively.