Table 3. Parliamentary influence on constituent referenda choices in the presence of interest group recommendations.
| Identification: Number of referendaon the same day | Identification: Low turnout referendum | |||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Years covered | 1945–2009 | 1945–2009 | 1945–2009 | 1945–2009 | 1945–2009 | 1945–2009 |
| Parliament suggests YES | 0.8381**(0.4152) | 0.6415(0.4584) | 0.9773**(0.4356) | 0.7212(0.4841) | 1.8958***(0.1579) | 1.8679***(0.1711) |
| Parliament suggests YES * Number of referenda on the same day | 0.3914*** (0.1065) | 0.4495*** (0.1193) | 0.3862*** (0.1148) | 0.4641*** (0.1303) | ||
| Number of referenda on the same day | −0.1971**(0.0822) | −0.1976**(0.0824) | −0.1828**(0.0919) | −0.1836**(0.0920) | 0.0811***(0.0150) | 0.1220***(0.0197) |
| Parliament suggests YES * Low turnout referendum | 0.4466*** (0.1368) | 0.6996*** (0.1566) | ||||
| Low turnout referendum | −0.1440(0.1052) | −0.3484***(0.1201) | ||||
| All interest groups suggest YES * Number of referenda on the same day | −0.1151 (0.1195) | −0.1505 (0.1246) | ||||
| All interest groups suggest YES * Low turnout referendum | −0.0234 (0.1128) | −0.0310 (0.1183) | ||||
| All interest groups suggest YES | 1.9740***(0.4395) | 2.3426***(0.5870) | 1.9209***(0.4462) | 2.4120***(0.6146) | 1.8365***(0.1899) | 1.8812***(0.2105) |
| Interest groups divergent | 1.1326***(0.4042) | 1.1520***(0.4107) | 1.2477***(0.3980) | 1.2716***(0.4068) | 1.0542***(0.1435) | 1.3126***(0.1738) |
| Control for Counterproposal and Turnout | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Cantonal fixed effects | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Decade fixed effects | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| DE Parliament suggests YES | 19.2457 | 16.3342 | 19.0234 | 15.4688 | 26.1650 | 21.1723 |
| DE Parliament suggests YES *Number of referenda on the same day | 12.2643 | 14.5481 | 11.4972 | 14.3397 | ||
| DE Parliament suggests YES *Low turnout referendum | 7.8740 | 8.8518 | ||||
| Sample restriction | > = 1 interest group | > = 1 interest group | > = 2 interest group | > = 2 interest group | > = 1 interest group & >1 referendum | > = 2 interest groups & >1 referendum |
| Clustering | referendum | referendum | referendum | referendum | constituency | constituency |
| Pseudo econdR2 | 0.4325 | 0.4334 | 0.4269 | 0.4286 | 0.429 | 0.4258 |
| Brier | 0.1632 | 0.163 | 0.1652 | 0.1648 | 0.1625 | 0.1643 |
| No. obs. | 10201 | 10201 | 8932 | 8932 | 8385 | 7516 |
Notes: The dependent variable for all logit estimations is Constituency accepts referendum. Robust clustered standard error estimates for referenda (1–4) and constituencies (5–6) are reported throughout the table. DE = discrete effect in the predicted probability (see Table 1 and text for details). ***, **, and * indicate a mean significance level of below 1%, between 1 and 5%, and between 5 and 10%, respectively.