Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristics | Male (n = 1,090) | Female(n = 741) |
| Age(year) | 55.3±10.5 | 55.2±9.5 |
| SBP(mmHg) | 148.9±15.0 | 149.0±15.2 |
| DBP(mmHg) | 94.3±8.6 | 92.1±7.9 |
| BMI | 24.5±2.8 | 24.5±3.4 |
| Smoking behavior (%) | ||
| Never smoke | 47.9 | 98.0 |
| Ever smoked | 12.5 | 0.5 |
| Smoking | 39.6 | 1.5 |
| Drinking behavior (%) | ||
| Not drinking | 89.4 | 99.7 |
| <100 g/day | 7.1 | 0.1 |
| ≥100 g/day | 3.5 | 0.1 |
| Urine protein (%) | ||
| − | 81.8 | 78.7 |
| ± | 8.6 | 7.8 |
| + | 7.2 | 10.5 |
| ++ | 1.7 | 2.4 |
| +++ | 0.7 | 0.5 |
Continuous variables were described as mean ± standard deviation. Drinking behavior was recorded as not drinking, drinking <100 g wine per day, or drinking ≥100 g wine per day. SBP indicates systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index.