Table 1. Hand movement significant differences between IG and the control group separated by visual target type for each condition.
Target type | Dependent Variable | Condition | IG: mean Δ in performance | Controls: mean Δ in performance (±95% CI) | t-value | Effect size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diagonal | HRT | C180° | 354.4 ms | 99.5 ± 31.9 ms | 5.0* | 5.4 |
C90° | 733.5 ms | 253.0 ± 57.0 ms | 5.6* | 6.1 | ||
HCMT | C180° | 447.2 ms | 46.6 ± 24.4 ms | 10.8*** | 11.7 | |
C90° | 2487.8 ms | 309.1 ± 126.0 ms | 15.4*** | 16.6 | ||
Peak velocity | C90° | -69.0 ms/s | -4.5 ± 8.3 mm/s | -6.8** | -7.4 | |
On-axis CE | C180° | -12.1 mm | 0.3 ± 1.0 mm | -10.2*** | -11 | |
Off-axis CE | S | 6.5 mm | 0.8 ± 0.9 mm | 4.7* | 5.1 | |
C180° | 6.2 mm | -1.0 ± 1.1 mm | 6.3* | 6.9 | ||
Path length | C180° | 32.6 mm | 14.6 ± 6.6 mm | 10.6*** | 11.4 | |
Angle | C180° | 11.6° | 2.4 ± 1.4° | 5.5* | 5.9 | |
S | 12.2° | 2.6 ± 1.1° | 6.2** | 6.7 | ||
C90° | 25.9° | 3.1 ± 1.4° | 17.1**** | 18.5 | ||
TTR | C90° | 2613.5 ms | 410.5 ± 112.4 ms | 18.1**** | 19.6 | |
Horizontal | HMT | C180° | 408.3 ms | 52.6 ± 62.1 ms | 5.1* | 5.5 |
C90° | 316.6 ms | 73.0 ± 77.0 ms | 4.6* | 5.0 | ||
HCMT | C90° | 702.7 ms | 220.0 ± 85.7 ms | 4.5* | 4.8 | |
H | 98.7 ms | 26.2 ± 10.4 ms | 4.8* | 5.2 | ||
Peak velocity | C90° | -57.0 ms/s | -21.5 ± 9.3 mm/s | -4.4* | -4.8 | |
Path length | C180° | 24.0 mm | 7.2 ± 3.7 mm | 5.2* | 5.6 | |
TTR | C180° | 1622.0 ms | 439.5 ± 0 mm | 4.2* | 4.5 |
Table 1 note: Dependent variables (HRT = hand reaction time; HMT = ballistic hand movement time; HCMT = corrective hand movement time; peak velocity; on/off-axis CE = constant error; Angle = angle at peak velocity; path length; TTR = time to recovery from a direction reversal) were tested with separate modified t-tests [53] for each condition (C = coronal 180°/90°; H = horizontal; S = para-sagittal) for each visual target type (diagonal/horizontal). Note that a negative change in peak velocity or on-axis CE reflects an impaired performance for IG relative to the controls. *p′<0.05; **p′<0.001; ***p′<0.001; ****p′<0.0001, corrected for multiple comparisons (Holm-Bonferroni).