Figure 4.

CBD induces loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increases ROS production. (a) CBD dose-dependently reduces mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) (IC₅₀ 10 μM). Cells were stained with the potentiometric red fluorescent dye TMRM. CCCP (50 μM), which causes rapid loss of Δψ potential (loss of TMRM fluorescence) was used as a control for calculating the effect of CBD. The ImageStream images shown here were taken from the distribution mean. The dose–response curve is a representative of three experiments. (b) CBD dose-dependently induces ROS production (EC₅₀ 4.9 μM). Cells were incubated with CBD at the indicated concentrations, or with 300 μM TBHP used as a positive control, followed by staining with carboxy-H₂DCFDA. ImageStream images shown were taken from the distribution mean. The dose–response curve is a representative of three experiments