Table 2.

Superoxide release by colostrum and mononuclear phagocytes of blood (mean ± SD, N = 10 in each treatment).

Phagocytes	Incubated with	Superoxide release (nmol)
		Normoglycemic	Diabetic
Colostrum	PBS	1.7 ± 0.4	2.0 ± 0.5
	Bacteria	4.4 ± 0.8*	4.1 ± 0.6*
	Bacteria plus IFN-γ	4.6 ± 0.5*	3.5 ± 0.4∗+
	Bacteria plus TGF-β	4.1 ± 0.5*	3.6 ± 0.1∗+
Maternal blood	PBS	1.8 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.2
	Bacteria	3.5 ± 0.8*	3.8 ± 0.4*
	Bacteria plus IFN-γ	4.1 ± 0.8*	3.7 ± 0.4*
	Bacteria plus TGF-β	4.3 ± 0.5*	4.5 ± 0.1∗#
Cord blood	PBS	3.2 ± 0.5#	4.9 ± 1.1+#
	Bacteria	4.8 ± 0.8*	4.6 ± 1.0
	Bacteria plus IFN-γ	5.4 ± 0.7*	5.1 ± 0.5#
	Bacteria plus TGF-β	4.6 ± 0.3*	5.6 ± 0.1#+

Colostrum and blood mononuclear cells were treated or not with cytokines, in the presence or absence of EPEC. *Indicates differences between phagocytes treated or not with cytokines and incubated with bacteria and the control (without bacteria) within each group and sample (colostrum, maternal blood, or cord blood); ^#indicates differences between sample (colostrum, maternal blood, and cord blood) within each treatment (cytokines or PBS) and group; and ⁺indicates intergroup differences within each treatment (cytokines or PBS) and sample (colostrum, maternal blood, or cord blood).