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. 2014 Jan 2;6:54. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00054

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Copyright © 2014 Enriquez-Barreto, Cuesto, Dominguez-Iturza, Gavilán, Ruano, Sandi, Fernández-Ruiz, Martín-Vázquez, Herreras and Morales.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PI3K activation induces the formation of functional spines in culture. (A) An example of an actin-GFP (green) transfected neuron at 21DIV (a), fixed and immunostained for synapsin (red). Magnified images show a detailed section of dendritic spines under control conditions (b) and after 48 h of PTD4-PI3KAc addition (c). Synapsin puncta were clearly visible, associated with the spines. Scale bar = 20/2.5 μm. (B) Left bars: quantification of spine density after 48 h of PTD4-PI3KAc treatment. Control: 1.18 ± 0.02 and PTD4-PI3KAc: 1.31 ± 0.03 spines/μm. Right bars: quantification of synaptic puncta after 48 h of PTD4-PI3KAc treatment. Control: 2.13 ± 0.07 and PTD4-PI3KAc: 2.52 ± 0.08 synapse/μm. A total number of six individual cultures, 121 control and 118 dendrites from PTD4-PI3KAc neurons were used (Student’s t-test).