Table 2.
Association between human papillomavirus (HPV) status and sexual and health behaviors of men in the HPV Detection in Men Study.
| Any HPV | Oncogenic HPV | Nononcogenic HPV | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category, parameter | Subjects, total no. |
Positive, no. (%) | ORa (95% CI) |
P for trend (χ2) | Positive, no. | ORa (95% CI) |
P for trend (χ2) | Positive, no. | ORa (95% CI) |
P for trend (χ2) |
| Cigarette smoker | ||||||||||
| Never | 263 | 164 (62.4) | Reference | 71 | Reference | 93 | Reference | |||
| Former | 87 | 55 (63.2) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 23 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 32 | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | |||
| Current | 104 | 77 (74.0) | 1.8 (1.1–3.1) | 38 | 2.1 (1.2–3.9) | 39 | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | |||
| No. of cigarettes currently smoked per day | ||||||||||
| 0–9 | 404 | 255 (63.1) | Reference | 111 | Reference | 144 | Reference | |||
| ≥10 | 51 | 42 (82.4) | 3.0 (1.4–6.4) | 22 | 3.7 (1.6–8.5) | 20 | 2.4 (1.1–5.6) | |||
| Monthly alcohol consumption | .187 | .041 | .617 | |||||||
| 0 drinks | 79 | 50 (63.3) | Reference | 21 | Reference | 29 | Reference | |||
| 1–30 drinks | 194 | 125 (64.4) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 53 | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 72 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | |||
| 31–60 drinks | 66 | 42 (63.6) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 16 | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) | 26 | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | |||
| ≥61 drinks | 104 | 75 (72.1) | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | 42 | 2.1 (1.0–4.4) | 33 | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | |||
| Circumcised (clinician assessed) | ||||||||||
| No | 74 | 49 (66.2) | Reference | 23 | Reference | 26 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 389 | 254 (65.3) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 112 | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 142 | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | |||
| Age at first sexual intercourse | ||||||||||
| <18 years | 286 | 194 (67.8) | Reference | 91 | Reference | 103 | Reference | |||
| ≥18 years | 177 | 109 (61.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 44 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 65 | 0.9 (0.5–1.3) | |||
| Lifetime no. of female sex partners | <.001 | <.001 | .044 | |||||||
| 1–5 | 158 | 83 (52.5) | Reference | 26 | Reference | 57 | Reference | |||
| 6–10 | 92 | 63 (68.5) | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | 27 | 2.5 (1.3–5.1) | 36 | 1.6 (0.9–2.9) | |||
| 11–20 | 105 | 76 (72.4) | 2.4 (1.4–4.2) | 35 | 3.7 (1.9–7.2) | 41 | 1.9 (1.1–3.5) | |||
| ≥21 | 87 | 66 (75.9) | 2.8 (1.5–4.9) | 40 | 5.3 (2.6–10.6) | 26 | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) | |||
| No. of female sex partners during the past 3 months | .005 | .007 | .025 | |||||||
| None | 61 | 33 (54.1) | Reference | 14 | Reference | 19 | Reference | |||
| 1 | 274 | 175 (63.9) | 1.5 (0.9–2.7) | 76 | 1.6 (0.8–3.3) | 99 | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | |||
| ≥2 | 125 | 95 (74.2) | 2.5 (1.3–4.7) | 45 | 2.8 (1.1–4.7) | 50 | 2.3 (1.1–4.7) | |||
| New female sex partner during the past 3 months | ||||||||||
| No | 270 | 170 (63.0) | Reference | 76 | Reference | 94 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 193 | 133 (68.9) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 59 | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) | 74 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | |||
| Frequency of sexual intercourse during the past month | .037 | .029 | .134 | |||||||
| None | 123 | 70 (56.9) | Reference | 31 | Reference | 39 | Reference | |||
| 1–10 times | 235 | 159 (67.7) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 66 | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 93 | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) | |||
| ≥11 times | 105 | 74 (70.5) | 1.8 (1.0–3.1) | 38 | 2.0 (1.1–3.9) | 36 | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | |||
| Frequency of sexual intercourse during the past 3 months | .023 | .005 | .200 | |||||||
| None | 53 | 29 (54.7) | Reference | 11 | Reference | 18 | Reference | |||
| 1–25 times | 277 | 180 (65.0) | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 76 | 1.7 (0.8–3.7) | 104 | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | |||
| ≥26 times | 107 | 78 (72.9) | 2.2 (1.1–4.5) | 41 | 3.1 (1.3–7.3) | 37 | 1.7 (0.8–3.7) | |||
| Condom use with vaginal sex during the past 3 months | ||||||||||
| Less than half the time | 221 | 154 (69.7) | Reference | 84 | Reference | 43 | Reference | |||
| At least half the time | 187 | 119 (63.6) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 39 | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | 18 | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | |||
NOTE. The no. of subjects varies because of missing data. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
Adjusted for date of laboratory analysis.