Table 3.
Bivariate health outcome differences between patients reporting hypoglycaemia and patients not experiencing hypoglycaemia
| |
Hypoglycaemia (n = 365) |
No hypoglycaemia (n = 964) |
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/mean | %/SD | n/mean | %/SD | p-value | |
| HbA1c (n =139 & 254) |
7.51 |
1.60 |
7.11 |
1.39 |
0.0095 |
| EQ-5D Index (n = 360 & 953) |
0.56 |
0.39 |
0.69 |
0.34 |
<0.0001 |
| Work and activity impairment |
|
|
|
|
|
| Overall work impairment (n = 141 & 270) |
35.3% |
35.8% |
16.6% |
25.6% |
<0.0001 |
| Activity impairment |
44.5% |
32.8% |
32.0% |
31.7% |
<0.0001 |
| Treatment satisfaction |
0.67 |
0.17 |
0.75 |
0.18 |
<0.0001 |
| Adherence to treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
| Oral medications (n = 316 & 911) |
0.81 |
1.01 |
0.69 |
0.94 |
0.0573 |
| Insulin (n = 131 & 170) |
0.95 |
1.25 |
0.60 |
0.96 |
0.0076 |
| Diabetes-related healthcare resource use |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4-week PCP visits |
0.73 |
1.05 |
0.38 |
0.66 |
<0.0001 |
| 4-week total visits |
1.82 |
2.50 |
0.92 |
1.51 |
<0.0001 |
| 4-week hospitalizations |
0.16 |
0.52 |
0.06 |
0.31 |
0.0006 |
| Hypoglycaemia fear |
|
|
|
|
|
| Worry |
15.60 |
12.51 |
6.53 |
9.24 |
<0.0001 |
| Behaviour |
17.81 |
15.39 |
6.58 |
10.95 |
<0.0001 |
| Total | 33.40 | 25.46 | 13.11 | 18.46 | <0.0001 |
Note: When fewer than the full sample are included in a comparison, sample sizes are indicated in parentheses for those experiencing hypoglycaemia and not experiencing hypoglycaemia in the four weeks prior to the survey, respectively. Lower HbA1c is associated with better outcomes and fewer complications. Higher EQ-5D scores indicate more preferred health status, with 1.0 equivalent to perfect health. Work impairment and activity impairment ranged from 0 to 100%, with lower numbers indicating less impairment. Treatment satisfaction ranges from 0 to 1.0, with higher numbers indicating grater satisfaction. Adherence to treatment ranges from 0 to 4, with higher numbers indicating less adherence. Hypoglycemia fear ranges from 0 to 72 for Worry, 0 to 60 for behaviour, and 0 to 132 for the total score, with higher scores indicating more fear of hypoglycaemia.