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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 2.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 Apr;9(4):10.1038/nrd3012. doi: 10.1038/nrd3012

Table 2.

Examples of carbohydrate-based vaccines in development

Indication Vaccine Phase of development
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O-specific polysaccharide conjugate Phase I 179
Group A streptococcus Glycoconjugate, Group A polysaccharide with tetanus toxoid (TT) Preclinical 180
Group B streptococcus Glycoconjugates, type Ia, Ib, II, III, and V polysaccharides linked to carrier proteins Phase II 181
Haemophilus influenzae (nontypeable) Subunit detoxified lipooligosaccharide conjugate Preclinical 182
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Octavalent glycoconjugate of O-polysaccharide with toxin A Phase III 183
Salmonella typhi rPAE-Vi conjugate vaccine Phase III 33, 184
Shigella dysenteriae O-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate PreclinicaI 42
Shigella flexineri O-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate Phase II 185
Shigella sonnei O-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate Phase III 186
Streptococcus pneumoniae Glycoconjugates of synthetic 6B polysaccharide motifs Preclinical 43
Vibrio cholerae Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) protein conjugate Phase I 187
Aspergillus fumigatus β-glucan CRM197 conjugate Preclinical 65, 66
Candida albicans Cell surface oligomannosyl epitope (various conjugates) Preclinical 63, 64
β-glucan CRM197 conjugate Preclinical 65, 66
Cryptococcus neoformans Glycoconjugate of CPS with TT Phase I 50
β-glucan CRM197 conjugate Preclinical 65, 66
Leishmania spp lipophosphoglycan (LPG) Preclinical 97
LPG conjugates Preclinical 103
Plasmodium falciparum Glycosylphosphotidylinositol (GPI) conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) Preclinical 93
HIV-1 Manα1–2Man oligomannosyl epitope (various conjugates, engineered yeast strains and modified glycoproteins) Preclinical 17, 113–118, 165
Breast cancer Unimolecular hexavalent conjugates (Globo-H-GM2-Lewis-y-sTn- TF-Tn-R) Preclinical 149
sTn(c)-KLH, QS21 adjuvant Phase I 137
Epithelial cancer Globo-H-GM2-Lewis-y-MUC1–32(aa)-sTn(c)-TF(c)-Tn(c)-KLH conjugate vaccine, QS21 adjuvant Phase I 147
Melanoma GM3NPhAc-KLH preclinical 152
Prostate cancer Unimolecular hexavalent conjugates (Globo-H-GM2-Lewis-y-sTn- TF-Tn-R) Preclinical 149
TF(c)-KLH, QS21 adjuvant Phase I 138
Tn(c)-KLH and Clustered Tn-palmitic acid (PAM) Phase I 139
Globo H-GM2-Lewis-y-MUC1–32-mer-TF(c)-Tn(c)-KLH conjugate vaccine, QS21 adjuvant Phase II 148

Note: This table was adapted from “The Jordan Report Accelerated Development of Vaccines 2007” and updated with additional information from publically available resources. This table should not be considered inclusive of all ongoing carbohydrate vaccine research and development.