Table 3.
Factors associated with minimum meal frequency practice, 2012, Ethiopia.
| Characteristics | Minimum meal frequency | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI ) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adequate | Inadequate | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Child characteristics | ||||
| Age in month | ||||
| 6–11 months | 384 (37.4) | 643 (62.6) | 1 | |
| 12–17 months | 454 (51.8) | 454 (51.8) | 1.67 (0.591, 1.720) | 1.422 (1.233, 1.870) |
| 18–23 months | 220 (33.1) | 220 (33.1) | 1.580 (0.580, 1.701) | 1.211 (1.010, 1.502) |
| Birth order | ||||
| First | 228 (52.9) | 203 (47.1) | 1 | |
| Second | 225 (49.5) | 230 (50.5) | 1.148 (0.882, 1.494) | 1.019 (0.766, 1.356) |
| Third | 172 (44.4) | 215 (55.6) | 1.401 (1.063, 1.845) | 1.304 (0.966, 1.759) |
| Fourth | 150 (42.6) | 202 (57.4) | 1.513 (1.139, 2.009) | 1.198 (0.878, 1.634) |
| Fifth | 475 (50.4) | 468 (49.6) | 1.109 (0.883, 1.394) | 0.863 (0.667, 1.116) |
| Mothers characteristics | ||||
| Mother work status | ||||
| Yes | 457 (53.8) | 393 (46.2) | 1.36 (0.921, 1.411) | 1.202 (0.997, 1.448) |
| No | 790 (46.1) | 924 (53.9) | 1 | |
| Mother educational status | ||||
| No education | 785 (44.5) | 981 (55.5) | ||
| Primary education | 398 (56.6) | 305 (43.4) | 0.632 (0.526, 0.758) | 0.579 (0.465, 0.720) |
| Secondary and above | 68 (68) | 32 (32) | 0.401 (0.275, 0.585) | 0.364 (0.202, 0.654) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never in union | 10 (52.6) | 9 (47.4) | 1 | |
| Married | 1162 (48.5) | 1236 (51.5) | 1.160 (0.478, 2.818) | ∗∗ |
| Widowed | 79 (52.3) | 72 (47.7) | 0.986 (0.385, 2.524) | ∗∗ |
| Household characteristics | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | 268 (42.4) | 364 (57.6) | 1 | |
| Poorer | 275 (48.0) | 298 (52.0) | 0.799 (0.637, 1.004) | 0.873 (0.687, 1.110) |
| Middle | 262 (51.4) | 248 (48.6) | 0.695 (0.550, 0.879) | 0.860 (0.669, 1.104) |
| Richer | 240 (52.2) | 220 (47.8) | 0.674 (0.530, 0.864) | 0.902 (0.692, 1.176) |
| Richest | 206 (52.3) | 188 (47.7) | 0.671 (0.521, 0.864) | 1.083 (0.770, 1.524) |
| Exposure to media | ||||
| Satisfactory | 916 (46.1) | 1071 (53.9) | 0.888 (0.804, 0.971) | 0.707 (0.567, 0.882) |
| Unsatisfactory | 332 (57.5) | 345 (42.5) | 1 | |
| Number of <5 children | ||||
| One | 444 (51.4) | 420 (48.6) | 1.036 (0.822, 1.306) | ∗∗ |
| Two | 631 (47.2) | 707 (52.8) | 0.876 (0.686, 1.118) | ∗∗ |
| Three and above | 176 (48.1) | 190 (51.9) | 1 | |
| Decision making | ||||
| Women not involved | 121 (43.4) | 158 (56.6) | 1 | |
| Women involved | 1039 (49.1) | 1078 (50.9) | 0.793 (0.616, 1.020) | 1.144 (0.861, 1.519) |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Husband education | ||||
| No education | 570 (45.7) | 676 (54.3) | 1 | |
| Primary education | 548 (50.6) | 534 (49.4) | 0.821 (0.698, 0.967) | 1.049 (0.871, 1.263) |
| Secondary and above | 116 (55.2) | 94 (44.8) | 0.685 (0.510, 0.919) | 1.359 (0.917, 2.013) |
| Type of place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 166 (50.6) | 162 (49.4) | 1.087 (0.862, 1.371) | ∗∗ |
| Rural | 1085 (48.4) | 1155 (51.6) | 1 | |
| Health care characteristics | ||||
| Number of antenatal visits | ||||
| No visit | 673 (44.7) | 834 (55.3) | 1 | |
| 1–3 visits | 308 (50.7) | 299 (49.3) | 0.783 (0.648, 0.945) | 0.923 (0.745, 1.143) |
| 4+ visits | 236 (61) | 151 (39) | 0.544 (0.440, 0.674) | 0.720 (0.549, 0.946) |
| Place of delivery | ||||
| Home | 1084 (47.8) | 1184 (52.2) | 1 | |
| Health institution | 167 (55.7) | 133 (44.3) | 1.364 (1.071, 1.738) | 0.989 (0.697, 1.402) |
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. **Those not showing association in the crude odds ratio at P value ≤0.2.