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Electrical circuit model for a naoneedle biosensor. a) Schematic of a horizontal nanonneedle sensor b) Electrical modeling corresponding to the top device, b) Equivalent two-pole low pass filter; c) Electrical modeling of top of nanoneedle with bio-molecule bound to the sensor surface and in close approximately to the surface, d) Model when the molecule is in the double layer region and e) when the molecule is outside of the doublelayer region (3–10 nm).
