Table 1.
The studies were selected from the meta-analytic work by Decety and Lamm (2007a,b) and updated by the studies reviewed in Kubit and Jack (2013) as well as results from Pubmed literature search. ATTENTION.
| Study | TAL |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | |
| Asplund CL, Todd JJ, Snyder AP, Marois R. 2010. A central role for the lateral prefrontal cortex in goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention. Nat Neurosci 13:507–512. | 46 | −56 | 27 |
| Arrington C, Carr T, Mayer A, Rao S. 2000. Neural mechanisms of visual attention – object-based selection of a region in space. J Cogn Neurosci 12(S2):106–17. | 47 | −62 | 26 |
| Astafiev SV, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. 2006. Visuospatial reorienting signals in the human temporo-parietal junction are independent of response selection. Eur J Neurosci 23:591–96. | 51 | −51 | 26 |
| Braver TS, Barch DM, Gray JR, Molfese DL, Snyder A. 2001. Anterior cingulate cortex response conflict: effects of frequency, inhibition and errors. Cereb. Cortex 11:825–36. | 56 | −48 | 24 |
| Chen Q, Weidner R, Vossel S, Weiss PH, Fink GR. 2012. Neural mechanisms of attentional reorienting in three-dimensional space. J Neurosci 32:13352–62. | 51 | −40 | 16 |
| Corbetta M, Kincade JM, Ollinger JM, McAvoy MP, Shulman GL. 2000. Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex. Nat Neurosci 3:292–7. | 53 | −49 | 30 |
| 57 | −45 | 12 | |
| 39 | −47 | 48 | |
| Corbetta M, Kincade JM, Shulman GL. 2002. Neural Attention systems for visual orienting and their relationships to spatial working memory. J Cogn Neurosci 14:508–23. | 57 | −45 | 12 |
| DiQuattro NE, Sawaki R, Geng JJ. in press. Effective connectivity during feature-based attentional capture: Evidence against the attentional reorienting hypothesis of TPJ. Cereb. Cortex | 50 | −38 | 20 |
| Doricchi F, Macci E, Silvetti M, Macaluso E. 2010. Neural correlates of the spatial and expectancy components of endogenous and stimulus-driven orienting of attention in the Posner task. Cereb. Cortex 20:1574–1585. | 60 | −46 | 28 |
| Downar J, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ, Davis KD. 2000. A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment. Nat Neurosci 3:277–83. | 53 | −40 | 16 |
| Downar J, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ, Davis KD. 2001. The effect of task relevance on the cortical response to changes in visual and auditory stimuli: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage 14:1256–67. | 58 | −43 | 17 |
| 57 | −48 | 10 | |
| Downar J, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ, Davis KD. 2002. A cortical network sensitive to stimulus salience in a neutral behavioral context across multiple sensory modalities. J Neurophysiol 87:615–20. | 56 | −36 | 24 |
| 56 | −36 | 24 | |
| 55 | −53 | 4 | |
| Geng JJ, Mangun GR. 2011. Right temporoparietal junction activation by a salient contextual cue facilitates target discrimination. NeuroImage 54:594–601. | 46 | −55 | 17 |
| Giessing C, Thiel CM, Roesler F, Fink G. 2006. The modulatory effects of nicotine on parietal cortex activity in a cued target detection task depend on cue reliability. Neuroscience 137:853–64. | 44 | −46 | 19 |
| Indovina I, Macaluso E. 2007. Dissociation of stimulus relevance and saliency factors during shifts of | 50 | −36 | 28 |
| visuospatial attention. Cereb. Cortex 17:1701–11. | |||
| Kincade M, Abrams RA, Astafiev SV, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. 2005. An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of voluntary and stimulus-driven orienting of attention. J Neurosci 25:4593–604. | 50 | −48 | 26 |
| 51 | −51 | 26 | |
| 54 | −48 | 30 | |
| Konrad K, Neufang S, Thiel CM, Specht K, Hanisch C, Fan J, and others. 2005. Development of attentional networks: an fMRI study with children and adults. NeuroImage 28:429–39. | 58 | −38 | 14 |
| Lepsien J, Pollmann S. 2006. Covert reorienting and inhibition of return: an event-related fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 14:127–44. | 56 | −52 | 16 |
| 55 | −49 | 15 | |
| Macaluso E, Frith CD, Driver J. 2002. Supramodal effects of covert spatial orienting triggered by visual or tactile events. J Cogn Neurosci 143:389–401. | 60 | −48 | 32 |
| Mattler U, Wuestenberg T, Heinze H-J. 2006. Common modules for processing invalidly cued events in the human cortex. Brain Res 1109:128–141. | 59 | −50 | 6 |
| Mayer AR, Dorflinger JM, Rao SM, Seidenberg M. 2004. Neural networks underlying endogenous fMRI and exogenous visual-spatial orienting. NeuroImage 23:534–41. | 54 | −51 | 28 |
| 55 | −53 | 27 | |
| Mayer AR, Franco AR, Harrington D L. 2009. Neuronal modulation of auditory attention by informative and uninformative spatial cues. Hum Brain Mapp 30:1652–1666. | 57 | −47 | 26 |
| 55 | −48 | 8 | |
| Mayer AR, Harrington D, Adair JC, Lee R. 2006. The neural networks underlying endogenous auditory covert orienting and reorienting. NeuroImage 30:938–949. | 54 | −45 | 8 |
| Mitchell JP. 2008. Activity in right temporo-parietal junction is not selective for theory-of-mind. Cereb. Cortex 18:262–271. | 59 | −45 | 27 |
| Natale E, Marzi CA, Macaluso E. 2009. FMRI correlates of visuo-spatial reorienting investigated with an attention shifting double-cue paradigm. Hum Brain Mapp 30:2367–2381. | 59 | −46 | 15 |
| Ruff CC, Driver J. 2006. Attentional preparation for a laterilized visual distractor: behavioral and fMRI evidence. J Cogn Neurosci 18:522–38. | 56 | −36 | 16 |
| Scholz J, Triantafyllou C, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Brown EN, Saxe R. 2009. Distinct regions of right temporo-parietal junction are selective for theory of mind and exogenous attention. PLoS One 4:e4869. | 57 | −58 | 41 |
| Serences JT, Shomstein S, Leber AB, Golay X, Egeth HE, Yantis S. 2005. Coordination of voluntary and stimulus-driven attentional control in human cortex. Psychol Sci 16:114–122. | 55 | −44 | 24 |
| Shulman GL, McAvoy MP, Cowan MC, Astafiev SV, Tansy AP, d’Avossa G, Corbetta M. 2003. Quantitative analysis of attention and detection signals during visual search. J Neurophysiol 90:3384–97. | 51 | −49 | 28 |
| 45 | −49 | 42 | |
| 53 | −39 | 40 | |
| Shulman GL, Astafiev S V, Franke D, Pope DLW, Snyder AZ, McAvoy MP, Corbetta M. 2009. Interaction of stimulus-driven reorienting and expectation in ventral and dorsal frontoparietal and basal ganglia-cortical networks. The Journal of Neuroscience 29:4392–4407. | 52 | −49 | 17 |
| Shulman GL, Pope DL, Astafiev S V, McAvoy MP, Snyder AZ, Corbetta M. 2010. Right hemisphere dominance during spatial selective attention and target detection occurs outside the dorsal frontoparietal network. J Neurosci 30:3640–51. | 52 | −8 | 14 |
| 46 | −45 | 26 | |
| Thiel CM, Zilles K, Fink GR. 2004. Cerebral correlates of alerting, orienting and reorienting of visuospatial attention: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage 21:318–28. | 45 | −66 | 17 |
| Todd JJ, Fougnie D, Marois R. 2005. Visual short-term memory load suppresses temporo-parietal junction activity and induces inattentional blindness. Psychol Sci 16:965–72. | 59 | −47 | 24 |
| Vossel S, Thiel CM, Fink GR. 2006. Cue validity modulates the neural correlates of covert endogenous orienting of attention in parietal and frontal cortex. NeuroImage 32:1257–64. | 56 | −55 | 17 |
| Vossel S, Weidner R, Driver J, Friston KJ, Fink GR. 2012. Deconstructing the architecture of dorsal and ventral attention systems with dynamic causal modeling. J Neurosci 32:10637–48. |
58 |
−57 |
18 |
| Vossel S, Weidner R, Thiel CM, Fink GR. 2009. What is ‘odd’ in Posner's location-cueing paradigm? Neural responses to unexpected location and feature changes compared. J Cogn Neurosci 21:30–41. | 65 | −42 | 12 |
| THEORY OF MIND | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Study | TAL |
||
| x | y | z | |
| Abraham A, Rakoczy H, Werning M, von Cramon DY, Schubotz RI. 2010. Matching mind to world and vice versa: Functional dissociations between belief and desire mental state processing. Soc Neurosci 5:1–18. | 57 | −36 | 21 |
| Aichorn M, Perner J, Weiss B, Kronbichler M, Staffen W, Ladurner G. 2009. Temporo-parietal junction activity in theory-of-mind tasks: falseness, beliefs, or attention. J Cogn Neurosci 21:1179–92. | 56 | −52 | 16 |
| 53 | −49 | 19 | |
| Baron-Cohen S, Ring HA, Wheelwright S, Bullmore ET, Brammer MJ, Simmons, A, Williams SCR. 1999. Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: an fMRI study. Eur J Neurosci 11:1891–8. | 40 | −58 | 20 |
| Brunet E, Sarfati Y, Hardy-Bayle MC, Decety J. 2000. A PET investigation of attribution of intentions to others with a non-verbal task. NeuroImage 11:157–66. | 58 | −62 | 22 |
| Brunet E, Sarfati Y, Hardy-Baylé MC, Decety J. 2003. A PET study of the attribution of intentions to others in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 41:1574–82. | 55 | −50 | 19 |
| Castelli F, Happe F, Frith U, Frith CD. 2000. Movement and mind: a functional imaging study of perception and interpretation of complex intentional movement patterns. NeuroImage 12:314–25. | 60 | −56 | 12 |
| Decety J, Jackson PL, Sommerville JA, Chaminade T, Meltzoff AN. 2004. The neural bases of cooperation and competition: an fMRI study. NeuroImage 23:744–51. | 51 | −44 | 45 |
| Den Ouden HEM, Frith U, Frith CD, Blakemore S-J. 2005. Thinking about intentions. NeuroImage 28:787–96. | 48 | −66 | 39 |
| Dohnel K, Schuwerk T, Meinhardt J, Sodian B, Hajak G, Sommer M. 2012. Functional activity of the right temporoparietal junction and of the medial prefrontal cortex associated with true and false belief reasoning. NeuroImage 60:1652–1661. | 49 | −65 | 10 |
| 51 | −43 | 14 | |
| 57 | −38 | 4 | |
| Fletcher PC, Happe F, Frith U, Baker SC, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RSJ, Frith CD. 1995. Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of theory of mind in story comprehension. Cognition 57:109–28. | 42 | −50 | 24 |
| Gallagher HL, Happe F, Brunswick N, Fletcher PC, Frith U, Frith CD. 2000. Reading the mind in cartoons and stories: an fMRI study of theory of mind in verbal and nonverbal tasks. Neuropsychologia 38:1–21. | 46 | −56 | 26 |
| Grezes J, Frith CD, Passingham RE. 2004. Inferring false beliefs from the actions of oneself and others: an fMRI study. NeuroImage 21:744–50. | 42 | −59 | 27 |
| Hartwright CE, Apperly IA, Hansen PC. 2012. Multiple roles for executive control in belief-desire reasoning: distinct neural networks are recruited for self perspective inhibition and complexity of reasoning. NeuroImage 61: 921–930. | 51 | −51 | 25 |
| Hynes CA, Baird AA, Grafton ST. 2006. Differential role of the orbitofrontal lobe in emotional versus cognitive perspective-taking. Neuropsychologia 44:374–83. | 53 | −51 | 19 |
| Jenkins AC, Mitchell JP. 2010. Mentalizing under uncertainty: dissociated neural responses to ambiguous and unambiguous mental state inferences. Cereb. Cortex 20:404–410. | 53 | −53 | 23 |
| Kobayashi C, Glover GH, Temple E. 2006. Cultural and linguistic influence on neural bases of ‘Theory of Mind’: an fMRI study with Japanese bilinguals. Brain Lang 98:210–220. | 50 | −40 | 19 |
| Kobayashi C, Glover GH, Temple E. 2008. Switching language switches mind: linguistic effects on developmental neural bases of ‘Theory of Mind’. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 3:62–70. | 51 | −42 | 21 |
| Mitchell JP. 2008. Activity in right temporo-parietal junction is not selective for theory-of-mind. Cereb. Cortex 18:262–271. | 53 | −48 | 27 |
| Moriguchi Y, Ohnishi T, Lane RD, Maeda M, Mori T, Nemoto K, and others. 2006. Impaired of self-awareness and theory of mind: an fMRI study mentalizing in alexithymia. NeuroImage 32:1472–82. | 52 | −46 | 14 |
| Ohnishi T, Moriguchi Y, Matsuda H, Mori T, Hirakata M, Imabayashi E, and others. 2004. The neural network for the mirror system and mentalizing in normally developed children: an fMRI study. NeuroReport 15:1483–8. | 48 | −42 | 19 |
| Perner J, Aichhorn M, Kronbichler M, Staffen W, Ladurner G. 2006. Thinking of mental and other representations: the roles of left and right temporo-parietal junction. Soc Neurosci 1:245–58. | 53 | −54 | 28 |
| 48 | −52 | 34 | |
| Rilling JK, Sanfey AG, Aronson JA, Nystrom LE, Cohen JD. 2004. Opposing BOLD responses to reciprocated and unreciprocated altruism in putative reward pathways. NeuroReport 15:2539–43. | 42 | −52 | 16 |
| Rilling JK, Sanfey AG, Aronson JA, Nystrom LE, Cohen JD. 2004. The neural correlates of theory of mind within interpersonal interactions. NeuroImage 22:1694–703. | 48 | −55 | 27 |
| 40 | −55 | 32 | |
| Ruby P, Decety J. 2003. What you believe versus what you think they believe? A neuroimaging study of conceptual perspective taking. Eur J Neurosci 17:2475–80. | 44 | −66 | 36 |
| Samson AC, Zysset S, Huber O. 2008. Cognitive humor processing: different logical mechanisms in nonverbal cartoons-an fMRI study. Soc Neurosci 3:125–140. | 31 | −76 | 33 |
| Saxe R, Kanwisher N. 2003. People thinking about people—the role of the temporo-parietal junction in theory of mind. NeuroImage 19:1835–42. | 50 | −55 | 28 |
| Saxe R, Powell LJ. 2006. It's the thought that counts: specific brain regions for one component of theory of mind. Psychol Sci 17:692–9. | 52 | −52 | 18 |
| Saxe R, Schulz LE, Jiang YV. 2006. Reading minds versus following rules: dissociating theory of mind and executive control in the brain. Soc Neurosci 1:284–98. | 56 | −54 | 19 |
| Saxe R, Wexler A. 2005. Making sense of another mind: the role of the right temporo-parietal junction. Neuropsychologia 43:1391–9. | 53 | −51 | 25 |
| Scholz J, Triantafyllou C, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Brown EN, Saxe R. 2009. Distinct regions of right temporo-parietal junction are selective for theory of mind and exogenous attention. PLoS One 4:e4869. | 59 | −53 | 32 |
| Singer T, Kiebel SJ, Winston JS, Dolan RJ, Frith CD. 2004. Brain responses to the acquired moral status of faces. Neuron 41:653–62. | 53 | −46 | 19 |
| Voellm BA, Taylor AN, Richardson P, Corcoran R, Stirling J, Mckie S, and others. 2006. Neuronal correlates of theory of mind and empathy: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in nonverbal task. NeuroImage 29:90–8. | 44 | −75 | 20 |
| Vogeley K, Bussfeld P, Newen A, Herrmann S, Happe F, Falkai P, and others. 2001. Mind reading: neural mechanism of theory of mind and self-perspective. NeuroImage 14:170–81. | 58 | −56 | 12 |
| Walter H, Adenzato M, Ciaramidaro A, Enrici I, Pia L, Bara BG. 2006. Understanding intentions in social interaction: the role of the anterior paracingulate cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 16:1854–63. | 56 | −49 | 13 |
| 50 | −40 | 13 | |
| 58 | −56 | 16 | |
| Young L, Dodell-Feder D, Saxe R. 2010. What gets the attention of the temporo-parietal junction? An fMRI investigation of attention and theory of mind. Neuropsychologia 48:2658–2664. | 61 | −53 | 23 |
| EMPATHY | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Study | TAL |
||
| x | y | z | |
| Botvinick M, Jha AP, Bylsma LM, Fabian SA, Solomon PE, Prkachin KM. 2005. Viewing facial expression of pain engages cortical areas involved in the direct experience of pain. NeuroImage 25:312–9. | 68 | −40 | 16 |
| Decety J, Chaminade T. 2003. Neural correlates of feeling sympathy. Neuropsychologia 41:127–38. | 59 | −45 | 35 |
| Hooker CI, Verosky SC, Germine LT, Knight RT, D’Esposito M. 2010 Mentalizing abouy emotion and its relationship to empathy. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 3:2014–17. | 46 | −62 | 33 |
| Hynes CA, Baird AA, Grafton ST. 2006. Differential role of the orbitofrontal lobe in emotional versus cognitive perspective-taking. Neuropsychologia 44:374–83. | 53 | −51 | 19 |
| Jackson PL, Brunet E, Meltzoff AN, Decety J. 2006. Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain: an event-related fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 44:752–61. | 48 | −54 | 28 |
| Jackson PL, Meltzoff AN, Decety J. 2005. How do we perceive the pain of others: a window into the neural processes involved in empathy. NeuroImage 24:771–9. | 40 | −47 | 39 |
| Lamm C, Batson CD, Decety J. 2007. The neural basis of human empathy-effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal. J Cogn Neurosci 19:1–7. | 48 | −60 | 44 |
| Lawrence EJ, Shaw P, Giampietro VP, Surguladze S, Brammer MJ, David AS. 2006. The role of ‘shared representations’ in social perception and empathy: an fMRI study. NeuroImage 29:1173–84. | 47 | −45 | 41 |
| Morelli, SA, Lieberman MD. 2013. The role of automaticity and attention in neural processes underlying empathy for happiness, sadness, and anxiety. Front Hum Neurosci 7:160. | 50 | −38 | 11 |
| Moriguchi Y, Decety J, Ohnishi T, Maeda M, Mori T, Nemoto K, and others. 2007. Empathy and judging other's pain: an fMRI study of alexythymia. Cereb. Cortex 17:2223–34. | 63 | −33 | 35 |
| Ruby P, Decety J. 2004. How would you feel versus how do you think she would feel? A neuroimaging study of perspective taking with social emotions. J Cogn Neurosci 16:988–99. | 59 | −53 | 23 |
| Singer T, Seymour B, O’Doherty J, Kaube H, Dolan RJ, Frith CD. 2004. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not the sensory components of pain. Science 303:1157–61. | 50 | −49 | 13 |
| Voellm BA, Taylor AN, Richardson P, Corcoran R, Stirling J, Mckie S, and others. 2006. Neuronal correlates of theory of mind and empathy: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in nonverbal task. NeuroImage 29:90–8. | 52 | −57 | 19 |