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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 2.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2013 Jun 19;14(7):10.1038/nrm3609. doi: 10.1038/nrm3609

Figure 3. Regulatory mechanisms of cofilin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.

Figure 3

Cofilin phosphorylation at Ser3 is driven by LIM-domain kinase (LIMK) and TES kinase (TESK). LIMK is activated by ROH-associated protein kinase (ROCK). Dephosphorylation of cofilin at Ser3 is mediated by the phosphatases chronophin (CIN) and slinghshot 1 (SSH1).The localization and activation of SSH1 is mediated by coronin 1B. Phosphorylation of SSH1 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK) results in its inactivation. Calcineurin activates SSH1 by dephosphorylating it. CIN is activated by its interaction with β-arrestin, which is activated by protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). In neutrophils, RAC2 has been shown to induce cofilin activation in a CIN-dependent manner.