Table 5.
Factor | Description |
---|---|
Viral |
Viral genotype and phenotype, viral resistance and viral load |
Maternal |
Maternal immunological status, maternal nutritional status, maternal clinical status, behavioural factors and antiretroviral treatment |
Obstetrical |
Prolonged rupture of membranes (>4 hrs), mode of delivery, intrapartum haemorrhage, obstetrical procedures and invasive foetal monitoring |
Foetal |
Prematurity, genetic and multiple pregnancy |
Infant | Breast feeding, gastrointestinal tract factors, immature immune system and ARV prophylaxis |