Table 2.
Associations between eGFR reporting and identification of CKD after multivariable adjustment
| Group | CKD Identification Modality, OR (95% CI)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Diagnosisb | Diagnostic Testc | Nephrology Visit | |
| All patients | 1.19 (1.12 to 1.27) | 1.31 (1.21 to 1.41) | 1.13 (1.03 to 1.24) | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.23) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1.27 (1.15 to 1.40) | 1.46 (1.24 to 1.71) | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.39) | 1.19 (0.85 to 1.68) |
| Male | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.26) | 1.29 (1.18 to 1.41) | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.23) | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.21) |
| Raced | ||||
| Black | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) | 1.09 (0.93 to 1.27) | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.31) | 1.08 (0.83 to 1.40) |
| White | 1.20 (1.12 to 1.29) | 1.35 (1.25 to 1.46) | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.25) | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.20) |
| eGFR | ||||
| 45–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.31) | 1.46 (1.32 to 1.62) | 1.15 (1.03 to 1.28) | 0.94 (0.71 to 1.25) |
| 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 1.22 (1.12 to 1.33) | 1.33 (1.20 to 1.48) | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.30) | 1.29 (1.03 to 1.63) |
| 10–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.23) | 1.14 (0.96 to 1.36) | 0.86 (0.72 to 1.04) | 0.83 (0.65 to 1.07) |
CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated GFR; OR, odds ratio.
Adjusted models also controlled for the following patient characteristics: age, sex, race, marital status, Veterans Affairs copayment exemption status, number of outpatient visits in prior year, comorbid conditions, and year of Veterans Affairs medical center facility eGFR activate date (not shown).
Diagnosis codes for kidney disease included International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 250.4, 250.40, 504.1, 250.42, 504.3, 582.×, 583.×, 586.×, 587.×, 403.×, 404.×, and 585.×.
Tests for CKD included urine microalbumin, kidney ultrasonography, or kidney biopsy.
To identify patients with CKD detectable through laboratory testing (i.e., eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), patients of unknown race (n=13,396 [16.1%]) were assigned to the category “white” for calculations of eGFR.