Table 6.

Odds ratios for progression of albuminuria in patients treated with insulin-sensitizing drugs compared with insulin-providing drugs in unadjusted and adjusted models

Albuminuria Category Definition	IS Versus IP OR	95% CI	P Value	IS Versus IP Adjusted OR	95% CI	P Value
Standard cutoff points	1.32	1.02 to 1.70	0.03	1.47	1.13 to 1.92	0.004
Four-category model	1.48	1.19 to 1.85	<0.001	1.63	1.29 to 2.04	<0.001
Sex-specific cutoff points	1.59	1.25 to 2.02	<0.001	1.76	1.37 to 2.25	<0.001

ORs for progression of albuminuria using different cutoff points for micro- and macroalbuminuria are shown. The standard cutoff point shows the OR for albumin/creatinine ratio progression in IP- versus IS-treated patients when albumin/creatinine ratio progression is defined as a doubling of the albumin/creatinine ratio to at least 100 mg/g or a change in category (from normal to microalbuminuria [≥30 mg/g] or from micro- to macroalbuminuria [≥300 mg/g]). The four-category model includes the additional categories of low normal (<10 mg/g) and high normal (10–29.9 mg/g) albuminuria as well as micro- and macroalbuminuria. The sex-specific cutoff points show the OR for albumin/creatinine ratio progression using sex-specific cutoff points for albuminuria (microalbuminuria=17–250 mg/g for men and 25–355 mg/g for women). Each model also includes year of follow-up, baseline estimated GFR, and baseline albumin/creatinine ratio. Each adjusted model also includes year of follow-up, baseline estimated GFR, baseline albumin/creatinine ratio, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes duration, baseline body mass index, baseline BP, baseline insulin use, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking status, and concurrent hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use. IS, insulin-sensitizing drugs; IP, insulin-providing drugs; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.