Table 4.
Beliefs, values and participation in breast cancer screening activities (n = 1063)
| |
BSE practice |
CBE practice |
Mammogram practice |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Variables |
Yes (%) |
No (%) |
|
Yes (%) |
No (%) |
|
Yes (%) |
No (%) |
|
| n = 148 | n = 915 | P value | n = 333 | n = 730 | P value | n = 187 | n = 508 | P value | |
|
Age (years) |
|
|
χ2(2, N = 1061) = 16.84, p < 0.001* |
|
|
χ2(2, N = 1061) = 16.15, p < 0.001* |
|
|
χ2(2, N = 695) = 0.21, p = 0.648 |
| 35 – 39 |
47 (12.9) |
318 (87.1) |
88 (24.1) |
277 (75.9) |
N/A |
N/A |
|||
| 40 – 49 |
75 (18.8) |
324 (81.2) |
150 (37.6) |
249 (62.4) |
110 (27.6) |
289 (72.4) |
|||
| 50+ |
24 (8.1) |
273 (91.9) |
94 (31.6) |
203 (68.4) |
77 (26.0) |
219 (74.0) |
|||
|
Health status |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1061) = 12.76, p < 0.001* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1061) = 5.50, p = 0.019* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 694) = 5.72, p = 0.017* |
| Poor-Fair |
18 (7.1) |
234 (92.9) |
64 (25.4) |
188 (74.6) |
44 (20.9) |
167 (79.1) |
|||
| Good-Excellent |
130 (16.1) |
679 (83.9) |
269 (33.3) |
540 (66.7) |
143 (29.6) |
340 (70.4) |
|||
|
Can cancer be prevented? |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 16.45, p < 0.001* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 23.75, p < 0.001* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 13.44, p < 0.001* |
| No |
62 (10.2) |
546 (89.8) |
154 (25.3) |
454 (74.7) |
87 (21.6) |
315 (78.4) |
|||
| Yes |
86 (18.9) |
369 (81.1) |
179 (39.3) |
276 (60.7) |
100 (34.1) |
193 (65.9) |
|||
|
Participant would want to know if she had cancer |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 0.95, p = 0.326 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 2.72, p = 0.099 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 4.88, p = 0.027* |
| No |
16 (11.3) |
126 (88.7) |
36 (25.4) |
106 (74.6) |
19 (18.1) |
86 (81.9) |
|||
| Yes |
132 (14.3) |
789 (85.7) |
297 (32.2) |
624 (67.8) |
168 (28.5) |
422 (71.5) |
|||
|
Reasons participant believes people get cancer | |||||||||
|
It’s God’s punishment |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 3.91, p = 0.048* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 14.05, p < 0.001* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 8.29, p = 0.004* |
| No |
135 (14.8) |
779 (85.2) |
306 (33.5) |
608 (66.5) |
173 (28.8) |
427 (71.2) |
|||
| Yes |
13 (8.7) |
136 (91.3) |
27 (18.1) |
122 (81.9) |
14 (14.7) |
81 (85.3) |
|||
|
It’s fate or destiny |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 0.406, p = 0.524 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 0.39, p = 0.535 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 0.81, p = 0.368 |
| No |
6 (17.6) |
28 (82.4) |
9 (26.5) |
25 (73.5) |
5 (19.2) |
21 (80.8) |
|||
| Yes |
142 (13.8) |
887 (86.2) |
324 (31.5) |
705 (68.5) |
182 (27.2) |
487 (72.8) |
|||
|
It’s bad luck |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 1.69, p = 0.194 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 4.29, p = 0.038* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 4.07, p = 0.044* |
| No |
138 (14.4) |
822 (85.6) |
310 (32.3) |
650 (67.7) |
173 (28.1) |
442 (71.9) |
|||
| Yes |
10 (9.7) |
93 (90.3) |
23 (22.3) |
80 (77.7) |
14 (17.5) |
66 (82.5) |
|||
|
Cancer is contagious |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 0.06, p = 0.815 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 3.39, p = 0.066 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 4.71, p = 0.030* |
| No |
142 (14.0) |
874 (86.0) |
324 (31.9) |
692 (68.1) |
185 (27.6) |
485 (72.4) |
|||
| Yes |
6 (12.8) |
41 (87.2) |
9 (19.1) |
38 (80.9) |
2 (8.0) |
23 (92.0) |
|||
|
Cancer is hereditary |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 9.80, p = 0.002* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 18.24, p < 0.001* |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 13.07, p < 0.001* |
| No |
32 (9.2) |
317 (90.8) |
79 (22.6) |
270 (77.4) |
49 (19.0) |
209 (81.0) |
|||
| Yes |
116 (16.2) |
598 (83.8) |
254 (35.6) |
460 (64.4) |
138 (31.6) |
299 (68.4) |
|||
|
Unhealthy lifestyle |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 0.16, p = 0.692 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 0.35, p = 0.553 |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 0.92, p = 0.338 |
| No |
11 (15.5) |
60 (84.5) |
20 (28.2) |
51 (71.8) |
19 (32.2) |
40 (67.8) |
|||
| Yes |
137 (13.8) |
855 (86.2) |
313 (31.6) |
679 (68.4) |
168 (26.4) |
468 (73.6) |
|||
|
Not breastfeeding |
|
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 0.16, p = 0.204 | |
|
χ2(1, N = 1063) = 0.64, p = 0.422 | |
|
χ2(1, N = 695) = 0.28, p = 0.597 |
| No |
33 (16.8) |
164 (83.2) |
57 (28.9) |
140 (71.1) |
31 (25.0) |
93 (75.0) |
|||
| Yes | 115 (13.3) | 751 (86.7) | 276 (31.9) | 590 (68.1) | 156 (27.3) | 415 (72.7) | |||